All Papers

Critical Assessment of English Examination Paper of B.Com Degree Program with Respect to Bloom's Taxonomy

Research Article

English is used in many parts of the world as a second or third language. The learners develop the skills of English in order to enhance opportunities for employment, higher quality education, and a good lifestyle. The purpose of this paper is to analytically review and point out the strengths and weaknesses of B.COM final term examination paper of English with special emphasis to Reading Comprehension through the framework of educational objective provided by Bloom's Taxonomy. Moreover, it provides assistance to the competitive authorities in improving their methodology of teaching of English Reading Comprehension and preparing the final term [...]

A Case Study on Quality of Education in the Trust School, Lahore

Research Article

Over the last few decades quality of education has been given special attention in the academic world. After many reforms and efforts, Pakistan still lags in providing quality education. However, some private school systems are making good efforts in providing quality education and that too at affordable fees. The Trust School is one of this kind and in a short span of time it has achieved a significant position among quality driven schools. The purpose of this research was to study the quality of education provided by The Trust School in detail. For that, the researchers took case study design [...]

A Study of Difficulties of Students in Learning Programming

Research Article

Programming has been a challenging subject for computer science students. A programmer must have strong analytical and reasoning skills to program effectively. In order to inculcate such skills, instructor must prepare their lectures accordingly and employ several novel techniques to develop analytical and problem solving skills into the students. Despite the strong need, there have not been any studies to identify the major challenges faced by programming students. Such a study can help instructor in development of appropriate materials and planning of lectures accordingly. To fulfill this gap, this work performs a survey of 57 students who just completed their [...]

Academic Research in Collaborative Learning Environment: Evidence from a Developing Country

Research Article

Research is getting enormously important to compete with rival institutes for ranking, financial funding, students enrollment. However, there still exist numerous gaps in our understanding of creating a knowledge generating environment that will produce superior quality research. With the initiation of web 2.0 technology, a model of social networking sites has become increasingly famous. With ever increasing popularity, these social media have been used by researchers and academicians as well to enrich the learning outcome and academic performance. However, OSNS have been a debatable topic in academia with its impact on the academic performance of the students. In this [...]

Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment: A Quantitative Study at Higher Education Level in Karachi, Pakistan

Research Article

Although the education sector has been a fast-growing sector in Pakistan, it has been facing various challenges including the lack of effective leadership styles and teachers' organizational commitment. The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate the impact of Principals' transformational leadership style on teachers' organizational commitment at higher education level in Karachi, Pakistan. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X) developed by Bass and Avolio and Organizational Commitment Survey (OCS) developed by Meyer and Allen were used as research instruments to collect the data for the study. The survey method and stratified random sampling technique were used to collect [...]

Non Profit Endeavors For Education in Pre-Partition Pakistan: A Historical Appraisal of Civil Society's Role as a Harbinger of Social Science

Research Article

Civil society is often considered a western construct with little meaning and application in the eastern societies. To many western writers, the western civil societies emerging in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were harbingers of social development in Europe and America by promoting social welfare and education services in those regions. On the contrary, the masses in the eastern societies were thought to be illiterate and backward until the advent of the European colonial governments. However, history bears the evidence that education has been one primary goal of voluntary human associations in Indian Subcontinent since the ancient times. In this region [...]

Use of Asynchronous Discussion Forum (ADF) and CompendiumLD (CLD) as a Learning Strategy in a Distance Learning Online Course- A Reflective Narrative

Research Article

The paper reflects on my personal learning experiences as a postgraduate online distance learner on the use of two contemporary ICT tools, i.e., Asynchronous Discussion Forum (ADF) and CompendiumLD (CLD). The paper opens with an overview on the use of ADF and CLD. I then reflected on my personal learning experiences on the subject matter through personal narrative method. Finally, I have suggested, how tutors can utilize these technologies to maximize learners' participation in online learning environment. ADF has nurtured critical thinking, questioning, writing and problem-solving skills. It has further optimized my online participation. Whereas, CLD has equipped me [...]

Higher Education and Unemployment: In Urban and Rural Pakistan

Research Article

Pakistan's unemployment rate among individuals with higher education has increased rapidly in recent years. However, very little research is conducted so far on this phenomenon in Pakistan. This paper investigates the effect of higher education attainment on unemployment rate in urban and rural areas of Pakistan. Data of 10 years is taken from Labor Force Survey (LFS) for four provinces. Regression analysis is conducted to examine the data. The evidence suggests a strong positive relationship between population with higher levels of education (HE) and their unemployment rate. That is, with the increase in HE population there is greater increase in [...]

Technology is a tool for Learning: Voices of Teachers and Parents of Young Children

Research Article

Education in early years is becoming challenging to inculcate the best practices with specific support and demand to meet the global initiatives (Beckley, 2011). In this regard, teaching through technology plays a significant role if it is connected with relevant learning experiences (Willis, Weiser & Kirkwood, 2014). The students are exposed to a technologically rich environment through positive and consistent patterns in their learning experiences, it helps them in their cognitive development. Within the context of Pakistan, one thing commonly observed is the misuse of technology and lack of guidance provided by their parents to the young children. This study [...]

Extremism and Intolerance: Psycho-Social Analysis and Wayforward

Research Article

Pakistan has been under security threats since her inception, however, the challenges it is facing today is unique in nature. Intolerance in society has given birth to social conflict, uprising of extremism, militancy and terrorism. The causes of psychological and emotional imbalance may be social injustice or psychological warfare. Institutions fighting to counter the threat are prime victims facing heavy casualty both in terms of men and material. At the initial level of this qualitative research, etiology of increasing intolerance, conflict and violence are examined with evidence from behavior of the inhabitants whereas in later part, the corollary is discussed [...]

Good Governance in Extremism and Militancy: A Case of Pakistan

Research Article

The importance of good governance for stability and peace in a country cannot be ruled out especially in this era of globalization; good governance has become an important element to achieve prosperity through social and economic stability. Pakistan which is undergoing extremism and militancy for last couple of years, is also deprived of good governance. Sudden rise in extremism and militancy poses a great danger and a serious threat to the governance of Pakistan. Institutions operating to curb the peril are also directly or indirectly becoming victim of terrorist actions. Pakistani nation feels great pain seeing explosions, killings, violence, violation [...]

Predicting Student Achievement through Organizational Learning Culture

Research Article

This study focused on investigating the impact of learning culture on student achievement in Pakistani public high schools. An Urdu version of the Dimensions of a Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) was administered to head teachers of 174 public boys and girls high schools selected through random sampling technique. The overall percentage scores of the sampled high school in the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Lahore annual examination 2016 were also collected from the head teachers. The results showed that the seven factors of the DLOQ were significantly positively correlated with each other. The Simple linear regression analysis revealed that [...]

Strategic Methods for Departmental Growth within Higher Education in the U.S. during Tough Economic Times: A Case Study

Research Article

The financial welfare of higher education institutions in the United States has long been tied to the country's economic well-being. While the fiscal impact of downturns on higher education is typically reported on a more macro level, the consequences can be felt campus-wide as the effects often trickle down to the departmental level by means of a reduced allocation of funding. As a result, many academic departments are left with the task of proving their institutional worth in order to be allotted the funds necessary for programmatic maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to report on the declining enrollment [...]

A Novel Framework Using Machine Learning to Effectively Analyze the Faculty Evaluations

Research Article

In this paper, a three pronged solution to faculty evaluation is proposed. Almost in every university, faculty and course evaluations are filled by students after the completion of courses. Due to the large volume of such evaluations, it becomes very difficult for management to carefully analyze them. This paper proposes a framework based on machine learning techniques that can be adopted for effective evaluation of faculty. It uses k-means clustering to group the evaluations and points out the specific area on which management needs to work on with faculty. Along with the quantitative evaluation of faculty, students also provide feedback [...]

Exploring the Social and Emotional Problems of Undergraduates' Business Students of Pakistan: A Qualitative Case Study

Research Article

Social and emotional health especially of young adults has been a considerable focus of scholarly research in the past few decades all over the world. Much of which is concerned about the number and statistics of people who are suffering from some kind of mental illnesses. This qualitative case study explored the experiences and perceptions of those business university students who are facing some social and emotional challenges and in this important phase of life which have a potential to be converted into something more serious i.e. mental disorders. This research identified those variables which are responsible for the [...]

Academic Outcomes in Language-Dependent and Computation-Dependent Courses among Mathematics Education Students in a Nigerian University: Top-Achievers Still Best of both Extremes

Research Article

In the field of mathematics education, there is an increased awareness of the need to account for the connection between mathematics and language. Despite the emphasis on this existing interconnectivity, students often erroneously distinguish themselves as better oriented to one extreme or the other. This study explores the pattern of academic performance of mathematics education students in language-dependent and computation-dependent courses. The study built on the Monitor Theory of second language acquisition to observe that school works existing as the practical result of learned language and grammar are among the reasons some students unnecessarily fear language-dependent courses. Ex- post facto [...]

Action Characteristics as a Bridge in Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation and SME Success Pathway

Research Article

In contrast to the much examined external factors as determinants of SME success, the present study brought focus on the entrepreneurial psychological context. This research examines the impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation on the success of SMEs in Pakistan. Moreover, this study emphasize the role of `action' as a linking bridge to psychological factors and entrepreneurial outcomes, through the role of action characteristics (access to finance, social network, exploration activities, and response performance). Based on 182 responses obtained through a stratified sample of manufacturing SMEs, multiple mediation analysis was used to test the mediation. The results indicated that individual entrepreneurial [...]

Self-efficacy, Self-Esteem, and Career Success: The Role of Perceived Employability

Research Article

Perceived employability is the workers' perception of comfortably getting a recruitment opportunity. This paper investigates role breadth self-efficacy and organization based self-esteem as important antecedents of individuals' perceived employability and tests its subsequent relationship with their career success. We collected primary data from 233 respondents working into banking, insurance, and health industries sectors in southern Punjab Pakistan. The results reveal that individuals' role breadth self-efficacy and organization based self-esteem are positively related to their employability perception which further plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and employee career success and self-esteem and employee career success. Important theoretical and [...]

Factors Affecting Delay in Agricultural Loan Recovery among Small Scale Farmers in Sahiwal Region Pakistan

Research Article

Effective utilization of agricultural credit effects repaying behavior of farmers and in turn leads towards non-performing loans (NPLs). The NPLs decrease profitability of banks and decrease financial credibility and motivation of farmers. This paper aims to determine the factors which may influence delay in loan repayment among small scale farmers in Sahiwal zone, Pakistan. Proportionate random sampling technique has been adopted by which 110 defaulters were randomly selected from 11 branches of Zarai Taraqiati Bank (ZTBL), which is a leading agriculture development bank of Pakistan. In addition, 30 credit officers were selected from each branch of ZTBL. The primary data [...]

Determinants of Tax-Compliance Behaviour Explored by Slippery Slope Framework and Theory of Planned Behaviour: An Evidence from Small Business Owner

Research Article

This research work addresses the issue of improving the tax-compliance behaviour of the small business owners. Theocratical framework of this paper is based on two theories, Slippery Slope framework and Theory of Planned Behaviour. With the help of these two theories the aim of this research is to explore the determinants of the tax-compliance behaviour and to improve the tax-payers behaviour specially of small business owners. Data was collected from 340 small business owners those were operative in major cities of Pakistan i.e. Karachi, Islamabad (Pindi), Lahore, Multan and Faisalabad. This study is significant as it can help the [...]

National Culture, Employee's Engagement and Employee's CSR Perceptions in Technology Based Firms of Pakistan

Research Article

This research analyses the importance of recognizing cultural factors in order to shape CSR Perceptions of employees to derive higher levels of employee's engagement. Hofstede's five cultural dimensions were explored in Pakistani context through a thorough review of the literature on the relationship between national culture, CSR Perceptions and employee's engagement, which were then contextually presented in the form of a hypothesized model. Primary data collection was done by administering questionnaires to 192 employees from technological industry of Pakistan. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using latest ADANCO Software was employed to statistically validate the relationship between the variables. [...]

Training and Development Methods affecting Professionalism and Empowerment of Banking Sector Employees

Research Article

This study investigates the role of training and development methods in improving the empowerment and professionalism among the banking industry of Pakistan. It also determines the comparison between the modern and traditional methods in private and public banks. Using purposive and convenient sampling techniques, total 380 responses were gathered from professionals working in the banking sector of Pakistan. The results showed in that private banks, professionalism and empowerment significantly get improved under modern methods in contrast with traditional methods at public banks. Moreover, findings also revealed that professionalism and empowerment are positively affected by the modern methods of training whereas [...]

Wisdom of Young Adults with High Functioning Autism in Canada and Pakistan: A Cross-cultural Study

Research Article

This cross-cultural study investigates wisdom in people with high functioning autism (HFA). The diagnostic characteristics of autism are universal, as manifest in particular outward behaviours (DSM-4). One of the aims of this study is to explore how wisdom is understood in people with HFA. In a mixed methods study, interview questions asked participants how they understand wisdom; self-report measures of well-being (Life Satisfaction Scale) and wisdom (the 3D Wisdom Scale and the Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory) were also administered. Forty-six males participated from Karachi, Pakistan, and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada; the half diagnosed with high functioning autism were matched [...]

Media Portrayals of Transgender People in Pakistan - A Case of Misgendering and Marginalization

Research Article

Stereotyping transgender people in media, all over the world, is more of a norm than an exception. Reviewing the Pakistani media archives, one gets the impression that, though over the past few decades some progress has been made, still there are many challenges to cope with in order to bring about a fairer and more balanced portrayal of the Pakistani transgender community. This paper investigates the media portrayals of the transgender people in Pakistan with reference to the Nation-one of the leading English newspapers. The study is both qualitative and quantitative, and analyzes the data stretched over five years-from 2011 [...]

The Emotional Politics of Educational Leaders in Higher Education Institutions: A Discursive Perspective

Research Article

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are run under a set hierarchy of executive, operative and administrative levels of educational leaders with a prescribed pattern of processes and functions. A variety of diverse tasks with varied complexities are assigned to the educational leaders of all levels which are expected to be completed within the set time frame. Under such situations, the emotions of the educational leaders play an important role in helping them perform their tasks and achieve the set goals. The current study highlights the elements of educational leaders' emotions' interplay in institutional functioning, emotional relationships between educational leaders and colleagues, [...]

Content Analysis of Language Textbooks (English, Urdu, Sindhi) for Inclusivity

Research Article

Education plays an important role in preparing children to embrace diversity in the society with particular reference to accepting people with physical disabilities as equal contributors to the growth and development of the society and a textbook is an effective tool to achieve this objective (Kivirauma & Laitinen, 2014). The main purpose of this research is to study the representation of people with disabilities in the textbooks (text and illustrations) published by provincial and selected private publishers. This study uses content analysis method to analyze the content of the selected textbooks used at primary school level. Analysis of 58 textbooks [...]

Developing Inclusive Education Approaches among Stakeholders in Pakistan

Research Article

Inclusive Education is a system, an approach, and a way of providing support to special need persons in achieving their life goals with their abilities and potentials. For some it is an ideal state, so implementation of these practices varies at all levels. Development and progress of inclusive education depend on answering many questions: what is the perception people have about it? Why do we need inclusive education? Who needs it? Whose responsibility is this and what to do to achieve the goals of Inclusive Education? Answering these questions needs research. Pasha (2012); Dua and Dua (2017) emphasized the role [...]

Developing Leader Behaviours among the Students of an Educational Leadership Programme

Research Article

Educationists have been showing considerable interest in knowing factors affecting leader effectiveness. In the midst of ineffective educational leadership and educational leadership development programmes, leader behaviours are considered one of the important predictors of leadership effectiveness and thus to be developed in educational programmes. This One-Group Pretest-Posttest Experimental Research explored the extent to which the participation in a course unit of the Educational Leadership Programme, offered by the Centre of Educational Leadership Development (CELD), Karachi, Pakistan, developed the required leader behaviours among the postgraduate level students. Fleishman's Leadership Opinion Questionnaire (Pierce & Newstrom, 2005) was used for the pretest and [...]

Teachers Perceptions of their Knowledge and Skills in General and Specific Purposes English Courses at Distance and Regular Universities

Research Article

The purpose of the this survey study was to explore if there were any differences between EGP and ESP teachers in terms of the way they perceived their pedagogical knowledge and teaching skills in teaching English when they were teaching in distance and regular education systems. To this aim, 84 teachers from a regular University and 50 teachers from the distance university were selected to participate in the survey. They were all novice teachers that had been working either in EGP and ESP courses for 1 to 4 years. The survey instrument used in this study was a questionnaire developed [...]

An Analysis of Inclusive Growth for South Asia

Research Article

Key indicators of development and governance i.e., quality education, better health and good governance must coincide with the growth of nations. The benefits of growth should be shared with citizens in term of better health facility and improved quality of education, strong institutions, corruption free society and implementation of rule of law. This research gauge the relationships of growth, governance and development by focusing the eight countries of South Asia, through estimating the fixed effects model by using data from 2005 to 2014. This study finds development and governance gaps as well as evidence of inclusive growth. Growth process [...]

Deception as a Conflict Management Technique Scale: A Preliminary Analysis

Research Article

The current study was undertaken to develop a self-reporting scale on the perceptions and the uses of deception, both in general and as a conflict management technique. The study was initiated with Item Pool Generation followed by Data Collection which further leads towards Item Selection and finally the reliability and validity assessments. For data collection, a random sample of 408 individuals was drawn and administered with 50-item pool to carry out the item selection. For reliability assessment, a sample of 103 individuals on random basis were derived for the establishment of test-retest reliability. For validity assessment, 135 individuals' random sample [...]

ESP Teaching Practices in Management Science at Post-Graduate Level in Pakistan: Perception of ESP Teachers and ESP Learners

Research Article

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching is considered a separate activity in the domain of English Language Teaching \cite{dudley1998developments}. ESP primarily aims to prepare and fulfill a set of the communicative needs of ESP learners in academic and professional contexts. These needs serve as a guide to design relevant course content and adopt appropriate teaching method with particular emphasis on the kind of English to be taught and the topics to be covered. The current study attempts to investigate through the perceptions of ESP teachers and ESP learners the effective role of subject matter specialists (henceforth SMSs) in the teaching [...]

Effect of Celebrity-Endorsed Advertisement and Entrepreneurial Marketing on Purchase Behavior of Smartphone Consumers in Pakistan

Research Article

This article presents the results of an investigation of the impact of celebrity-endorsed advertisement and entrepreneurial marketing on purchase behavior of smart phone consumers in Karachi, Pakistan. The study has conceptually shaped celebrity-endorsed advertisement as formative construct with celebrity physical attractiveness, expertise, trust, and familiarity as inclusive factors. For this purpose, total 247 sample responses were collected by convenience sampling technique. The data has been analyzed by PLS method. The results revealed that celebrity-endorsed advertisement and entrepreneurial marketing has a significant impact on purchase behavior. The study can be concluded that celebrity-endorsed advertisement and entrepreneurial marketing plays significant role in [...]

Psychological Safety: A Cross-level Study of a Higher Educational Institute (HEI)

Research Article

This study examines the relationships between antecedents of psychological safety at the individual, group and organizational level. The data was collected from a sample of eighty-four employees (i.e. teachers and non-teachers) working in a higher education institute (HEI) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by using a structured questionnaire. The data is analyzed with the help of correlation and regression analyses. The findings indicate that the individual level antecedents had a positive relationship with psychological safety except for adherence to norms, whereas both the group and organizational level antecedents were positively related with psychological safety. The study also discusses implications, limitations and [...]

Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banks in Sialkot Pakistan

Research Article

The main aim of this research is to determine the impact of intellectual capital on the financial performance of banking sector operating in Sialkot Pakistan. Integrated intellectual capital model (IICM) was used to achieve the objective of the study. Structured questionnaire survey forms were used to collect the data from the targeted respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to choose the targeted sample. A total of 210 out of 250 completed and usable questionnaires survey were returned. Six research hypotheses were constructed to address the objectives of this study. Smart PLS 3.0 was used to test the proposed research [...]

Managing Organizational Effectiveness through Talent Management and Career Development: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement

Research Article

Considerable research has performed to link the individual development strategies into organizational performance, but less is known about the role of talent management and career development in enhancing the organizational effectiveness. In the current study, we investigate how talent management and career development direct or indirect effect organizational effectiveness. Moreover, the present study also pursues to test the mediating role of employee engagement in the association between talent management and organizational effectiveness, and career development and organizational effectiveness. Using the survey method, data was collected from permanent employees of commercial banks and the proposed model was tested through structural equation [...]

Does Project Teamwork Matter? Investigating the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Project Success

Research Article

It is evident from the existing research that transformational leaders play a vital role in project success, but little is known about the channels that elaborate on this effect. To unveil one of these channels, this study supposed project teamwork as the mediator between transformational leadership and project success. To test the stated empirical relationship, data were obtained from 125 project managers working on various projects of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. The results revealed that project teamwork partially mediates the relationship between project leadership and project success. The study has also discussed valuable implications including theoretical, practical [...]

Earnings Manipulation and the Cost of Capital: Empirical Investigation of Non-Financial Listed Firms of Pakistan

Research Article

Management either for their informative or opportunistic purposes mask the true financial information of firms which is known as earnings manipulation practices. However, in turn such practices lead to a higher cost of capital. Therefore, in this study examined the effect of earnings manipulation on cost of capital in 144 listed sample firms of Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period of 2006-2016. Used panel data approaches for analysis and the diagnostic tests procedures of panel models selection suggests that fixed effect model is the suitable model. The result reports that firms that indulge in the activities of earnings manipulation their [...]

Terrorism in Pakistan: Genesis, Damages and Way Forward

Research Article

Pakistan came into being as a truly democratic Islamic state, she was once a state with strong economy, stable government and policies. The golden principles of peace, liberty, and justice were preserved in its basic idea which led to the creation of an independent state. This research investigates the causes and impact of war against terrorism on Pakistan's economy, governance and social life. The data was collected through sources available on official websites, available literature were taken into consideration and by using a questionnaire from 320 respondents living in FATA area. Evidence is highlighted through tables, percentage values and graphs. [...]

Tertiary Academic Success: A Review of Factors in the Context of Ecological Model

Research Article

Working in academic settings is an important area in community psychology and tertiary academia (education after high school) is of marked signicance. Success in tertiary edu- cation is consequential for subsequent life and several factors are involved in it. The aim of this review paper was to analyze these factors within the context of Ecological Model of Dalton, Elias, and Wandersman (2007). To this model, environment has interconnected layers of proximal and distal systems which comprise ve ecological levels of analysis: individuals, microsystem, organi- zations, localities and macrosystem. Specically, the objectives of this study were to analyze the [...]

Impact of Active Learning Method on Students Academic Achievement in Physics at Secondary School Level in Pakistan

Research Article

This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of active learning method on students' academic achievement in Physics at secondary school level. A null hypothesis, of no significant difference in the academic achievement of students, taught physics through Active Learning Method (ALM) and Traditional Teaching Method (TTM), was tested to achieve the objectives. For this purpose, the pretest-posttest control group experimental design was used. Eighty (80) Physics students of 9th grade were selected as a sample from Government Centennial Model Higher Secondary School (No.1) District Haripur. These students were equally divided into experimental and control groups (n=40) on the basis [...]

English Reading Strategies and their Impact on Students' Performance in Reading Comprehension

Research Article

In Pakistan, English is taught as a compulsory subject from grade one to graduate level. It has been given the status of official language and is considered a symbol of status. In all official correspondence English language is used and it opens up the avenues to have access to high-ranking civil service jobs. Research studies have revealed that students feel difficulty in reading, speaking and writing English at Secondary school level in Pakistan and they were found to be poor readers and receive lower grades in English language. Keeping in view the importance of learning English for students, this study [...]

Strategies for Achieving ICT Literacy & Proficiency in the Rural Primary and Secondary Schools in Ghana

Research Article

In order to be productive members of African society, as well as responsible world citizens, the continent's next generation of leaders requires a full suite of knowledge and skills to compete in national, international, and global markets. The core of this knowledge base rests in the STEM and STEAM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics). The technology component - through ICT (Internet Computing Technology) - fosters research, discovery, communication, collaboration, and idea exchange among the other disciplines. It enables individuals to conduct business globally; and on local and national levels, leveraging myriad aspects of socio-economic and cultural prosperity. ICT [...]

The Effects of Strategy-based Reading Instruction on Reading Comprehension and Reading Strategy Use

Research Article

This study investigates the effects of strategy-based reading instruction on the reading comprehension and metacognitive reading strategy awareness of Pakistani Undergraduate Business Administration students of a private sector university in Karachi, Pakistan. A quasi-experimental design was adopted and two intact groups of students were assigned to a control group (31 students) and an experimental group (31 students). The reading comprehension levels and metacognitive reading strategy awareness of both the groups were measured through a pre-test of reading comprehension and Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) questionnaire. The control group was taught through teacher-centred traditional reading instruction, whereas the experimental group was [...]

Editorial

Editorial

It has been observed that a large number of Pakistani researchers are inclined towards quantitative research paradigm. Perhaps the reason is that they see outcomes of quantitative research as generalizable frameworks/models and a more accessible contribution to the knowledge economy. Using an etic view, these researchers try to explain the phenomenon in a way that is general and broader. Although the importance of quantitative research cannot be denied, ignoring the need of the qualitative research in solving the problems prevailing in various aspects of education is rather unwise. The Journal of Education and Social Sciences (JESS) has been successful in [...]

Nurturing Women Empowerment? A Phenomenological Study of the Linkages between Women, Micro Entrepreneurship and Access to Microcredit

Research Article

This is a phenomenological study which has explored the structural meaning of empowerment from the women perspective, and secondly, it would discuss the tie between women, access to microcredit, and micro-entrepreneurship. The main objective of this study to extract the women lived experiences that how they feel empowered when the financial inclusion is entered into their lives. There is a strong need of women empowerment because of cultural influences, social taboos, and religious misleading interpretations which lead women towards the journey of disempowerment. This study is based on the abductive research strategy being qualitative in nature; hermeneutics phenomenological philosophy is [...]

Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students in Pakistan

Research Article

This research is aimed to study the role of demographic and external factors on the intentions of business students in Pakistan to become future entrepreneurs. Self-developed semi-structured questionnaires were prepared and data was collected from the final year students in two leading business institutes of Pakistan. The primary data collected during interviews and focus group sessions were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings and analysis of this study suggest that we cannot ignore the importance of any of the defined factors as stated in the propositions on the development of entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Pakistan. Neither family business, [...]

Customer Attitude towards Online Ads of Smartphone Brands: A Netnographic Analysis of User Generated Comments on YouTube

Research Article

Today ads are no more one-sided communication but a mixture of online and offline channels developed for the sake of direct interaction with the communities. YouTube in specific and other online video platforms in general have shifted paradigm of TV commercials altogether for many brands.Just like other product brands, smartphone brands have also their presence on social media including YouTube and have their channels at it. The smartphone online ads on YouTube gain millions of views, thousands of likes, and dislikes, comments and replies to these comments.However, these quantitative metrics cannot necessarily be seen as an indicator of [...]

Organizational Context Factors Influencing Procedural Justice in Performance Management System: A Research Framework

Research Article

Research in the past has highlighted the need for exploring organizational contextual factors that impact the overall performance management system in general and performance appraisal system in particular. Current research has tried to develop a comprehensive framework of organizations' contextual factors that can impact procedural justice in performance management system. Propositions have been given to elaborate the impact of those organizational contextual factors on procedural justice in performance management system according to the socio-economic conditions of the market. Study offers a detailed insight through a systematic literature review on the factors that can enhance the performance and satisfaction at the [...]

Eco Labels and Eco Conscious Consumer Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Green Trust and Environmental Concern

Research Article

This study explores the relationship between eco labels and eco conscious consumer behavior for green products. Mediation effect of consumer trust regarding green products and their concern for the sustainability of environment have also been analyzed. There are many researches regarding consumers' evaluation of green products and consumer behavior, but no substantial research has been done on the effects of understanding eco labels on eco-conscious consumer behavior. Eco labels are the essential sources of information regarding products' features and focus on providing information about less detrimental effects of green products on environment. Data of respondents have been collected through convenience [...]

An Analysis of Achievement in Science, Piagetian Conceptual Frameworks and Attitude towards Learning Science among Elementary and Secondary School Children in Pakistan

Research Article

This study analyzed the 8th and 10th graders' attitude towards learning science (ATLS), required cognitive skills for science examination questions (SEQ), and patterns of actual cognitive skills (ACS), in accordance with the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT) and the Piagetian Conceptual Frameworks (PCFs). The sample of the study consisted of 564 (boys and girls) 8th and 10th graders of government elementary and high schools in Sindh province of Pakistan. The RBT applied to break down the 8th graders General Science examination questions in terms of Piagetian conceptual frameworks. A Cognitive Science Achievement Test (CSAT) based on the RBT administered to measure [...]

School Council Policy in Punjab: Policy Formulation without Participation of Stakeholders

Research Article

Quality and equitable access to education largely remain mere aspirations for the populace. Despite the earnest efforts and commitment on the part of Government of the Punjab as well as support of international educational organizations, the goals continue to elude all efforts. This research has been conducted with the assumption that involvement of community in the major stages of policy-making in Pakistan is minimal. The study has highlighted the lack of effective community participation both at policy formulation and implementation stages in the Punjab Province. It has attempted to point out the irritants that discourage community participation. The researcher seeks [...]

English Language in Pakistan: Expansion and Resulting Implications

Research Article

From sociolinguistic or anthropological perspective, Pakistan is classified as a multilingual context with most people speaking one native or regional language alongside Urdu which is the national language. With respect to English, Pakistan is a second language context which implies that the language is institutionalized and enjoying the privileged status of being the official language. This thematic paper is an attempt to review the arrival and augmentation of English language in Pakistan both before and after its creation. The chronological description is carried out in order to identify the consequences of this spread and to link them with possible future [...]

The US Presidential Election of 2016 and the Political Socialization of 8th-Graders

Research Article

This mixed-methods study examined the political typologies, perspectives, and presidential preferences of 115 8th-grade students both six weeks before and on Election Day 2016. Data from the Pew Research Center's Political Typology quiz, surveys, coursework, and classroom observations revealed the students political candidate preferences were stable, though their political ideologies were quite malleable, with more than half (55\%) of the students' political typologies changing over the six weeks. After the election, most students expressed disdain and fear, yet few were able to express actions they could take to engage in the political process. [...]

Editorial

Editorial

After presenting four volumes of original work of researchers from all over the world, we present to you Volume Five, Issue One of the Journal of Education and Learning Sciences (JESS) for your scholarly interest. Karl Popper considers theories, ideas and models as real (Boyd, 2016) and despite being developed in unique contexts, these theories, ideas and models are generalizable across contexts of the world. Thus findings from the scholarly work included in the current volume of JESS are beneficial for educationists across the globe. An article by Rahat Bhatti, which took the first place in the current volume, analyzes [...]

Islamic Beliefs in Compulsory Islamic Studies (Islamiyat) and Cognitive Development: An investigation

Research Article

Islamic Studies or Islamiyat is offered as compulsory subject following the recommendation of Objective Resolution 1949, and Constitution of 1973 of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Therefore, all successive governments of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan took measures to introduce Islamic learning programs and courses in academics. Apart from other measures of introducing Islam both as a religion and as a way of life in academia, the teaching of Islamiyat was made compulsory at all three tiers of education aligned with the Educational Policies 1959, 1972, 1978, 1992, 1998, and 2009. The current study is focused on analyzing the topics [...]

The Relationship between High Performance Work System and Continuance Commitment to Change: An Economic Exchange Perspective

Research Article

In response to recently announced privatization of Public sector banks of Pakistan, the current study attempts to investigate the impact of perceived high performance work systems on commitment to change along with its interlinking mechanisms. A total of 1000 full-time employees were surveyed through self-administered questionnaires during August-December 2017. Out of 670 returned questionnaires, 591 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Goodness of the measures was tested by employing Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Proposed Hypotheses were tested through Structural Model in AMOS. The data largely substantiated by our theoretical framework. The findings revealed that the perceptions of economic exchange fully mediate the relation [...]

Role of Supervisor's Organizational Embodiment and Organizational Identification on LMX and Job Performance Relationship: A Test of Moderated-Mediation Model

Research Article

This study addressed the generalizeablity concerns raised by few in leader-member exchange (LMX)-outcomes relationships and provided a solution in the form of a new mediator and a new moderator using cross-fertilization of LMX and social identity theory (SIT). The study aimed at investigating the indirect effects of LMX and job performance (JP) through organizational identification (OI) using social identity theory. The study also examined conditional indirect effects of supervisors' organizational embodiment (SOE) on LMX and JP through OI. The study used data based on a convenience sample from 411 employees in three time lags. Mediation and moderated mediation tests were [...]

Impact of Occupational Stress, Interpersonal Trust, and Organizational Commitment on Valence, OCB and Job Satisfaction: A Variance-Based SEM Analysis

Research Article

This study analyzes the impact of these three cognitive forces (occupational stress, interpersonal trust and organizational commitment) on valence, Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and job satisfaction in the healthcare sector of Karachi (Pakistan). A sample of 375 responses is drawn from seven healthcare institutions of Karachi on a self-administered questionnaire. Using PLS-SEM, hypotheses and predictive relevance are tested with bootstrapping method and cross-validated redundancy analysis respectively. The results show that all three cognitive forces have significant impact on valence with the minor exception of affective commitment and strain. Moreover, valence has significant impact on both OCB has also shown a [...]

Relationship between Servant Leadership and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Manufacturing and Services based SMEs in Pakistan

Research Article

Small and Medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) have emerged as building block for the growth of economies all around the globe. Pakistani SMEs are playing a similar role in the development of the country. However, in Pakistan, poor SME performance is due to a high failure rate of newly established firms. It has further been observed that leaders and employees- both, play a crucial role for the success of any firm. In SMEs the workers and leaders work in close contact. Therefore, the success of the SME is also dependent upon such Interpersonal factors. Moreover, today's new era has emerged as [...]

Cognitive Emotion Theory and Emotion-Action Tendency in Online Impulsive Buying Behavior

Research Article

Impulsive buying in online setting has become an epidemic as it represents a noteworthy proportion of online shopping. Impulsive buying behaviors with upcoming avenues for future research are under the constant considerations of academicians and practitioners. Despite abundant research on impulsive buying behavior in online context, research scholars demand for further research and empirical evidences for better understanding of the phenomenon. It is therefore worthy question to examine impulsive buying behaviors in online setting. This study seeks to model and empirically examine cognitive aspects as a precursor of emotional aspects that ultimately lead towards impulsive buying actions. This study used [...]

Employee Performance and Retention: A Comparative Analysis of Theory X, Y and Maslow's Theory

Research Article

This study aims at examining the relationship amongst motivation theories applied by universities on employee retention and their performance. It is an interesting insight in the current era in terms of realizing that motivation theories still have their impact on management practices. Retaining employees and managing their performance to the best level has always remained a dream for managers. The methodology adopted is quantitative using a closed ended questionnaire which helped in response generation from 219 teaching and non-teaching university employees. Results revealed that managers who used theory X approach to manage employee retention and performance had weaker outcomes than [...]

Performance Evaluation of Microfinance Providers Using Data Envelopment Analysis: The Profitability Perspective

Research Article

Maximizing profitability is an important prerequisite for dealing with rising competition in the microfinance industry and ensuring long term sustainability. While profitability measurement is more commonly based on ratio analysis technique, the current study uses a non-parametric linear programming tool known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for this purpose. This study makes a contribution to the existing research on the profitability of microfinance providers (MFPs), by investigating the Pakistan-based operations of a set of MFPs. The results of the analysis reveal considerable potential for improvement in the profit efficiency of a number of selected MFPs. [...]

ESL Learners' Writing Skills: Problems, Factors and Suggestions

Research Article

Writing is an important skill for language production. However, it is considered a difficult skill, particularly in English as a second language (ESL) contexts where students face many challenges in writing. Therefore, the present study was conducted with an aim to investigate problems in Pakistani undergraduate ESL learners' writing and factors that hinder their writing skills. It also aimed at obtaining suggestions on how to improve Pakistani ESL learners' writing skills. For this purpose, focus groups of Pakistani English language teachers'and undergraduate ESL learners were conducted. Writing samples were also collected from 30 ESL undergraduate learners to find the major [...]

Teachers' Intention towards the Usage of Technology: An Investigation Using UTAUT Model

Research Article

The purpose of this study is to explore the vital factors that influence teacher's intention to use technology in higher education. PLS-SEM has been used to analyze the data collected from 201 business university teachers. The study strives to examine the impact of eight variables i.e. Performance expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social influence, facilitating conditions, individual self-efficacy, human assisted self-efficacy, Computer Anxiety and attitude on teacher's intention to use technology using the technology acceptance model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology. The empirical findings revealed that the social influence, facilitating conditions, individual self- efficacy and attitude have [...]

Empirical Assessment of the Constructs: Workplace Engagement, Job Burnout and Turnover Intention

Research Article

There is a growing interest found in the study of workplace engagement and it has become a buzzword in the recent years. It is considered HRM's new best friend which is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. However, its paucity results in job burnout which is characterized by exhaustion, depersonalization and a diminished sense of professional accomplishment. Job burnout usually takes place due to erosion of engagement. Moreover, if the burnout issue remains unaddressed, it will ultimately lead the employees to quit and will make creating a congenial working environment an even bigger a challenge for today's managers. The objectives [...]

The level of Financial Literacy in Pakistan

Research Article

This study examines the level of financial literacy in Pakistan. Financial literacy (or financial knowledge) is characteristically an input to assess the requirement for financial education and explain changes in financial outcomes. The study reveals that the individuals, who have the more financial knowledge, usually save more. It is inevitable for investors and the general public that they possess sufficient knowledge and awareness about how financial institutions and markets work; types of risks and expected return, that subsequently is fruitful for the growth of the economy. The results show that 1) middle-aged and older people are careful in spending their [...]

A Study of Solid Waste Management in Karachi City

Research Article

There is a growing problem of waste management faced by developing countries. Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan having a population of approximately 24 million. Statistics indicate that on a daily basis, about 12,000 tons of solid waste is generated in Karachi alone, of which forty percent can be found on the city streets. Improper management of solid waste is causing the spread of infectious diseases and environmental pollution. This study examines how the solid waste management process is implemented in Karachi and the challenges faced by the responsible authorities. Solid waste management combines all activities performed in [...]

The Relationship between Protean Career Orientation and Perceived Employability: A Study of Private Sector Academics of Pakistan

Research Article

This study investigated the effect of protean career orientation on individual's perceived employability. This is the first study of its nature which tried to establish the relationship between protean career orientation and perceived employability. We used protean career theory to develop our conceptual framework. Data were collected from the academic staff of private sector universities by using the stratified sampling technique. Theoretical model was tested using the data obtained from 192 respondents. Measurement model is tested by using the confirmatory factor analysis. To test our hypothesized model, we employed structural equation modelling technique in AMOS 21. The researcher found a [...]

Testing and Controlling for Common Method Variance: A Review of Available Methods

Research Article

Several studies have debated over the prevalence of Common Method Variance (CMV) in organizational research. This paper highlights various procedural and statistical remedies to assess and control common method variance in any organizational study. It has been recognized that Common Method Variance (CMV) may significantly influence the research findings if it is not controlled properly through procedural and statistical remedies. However, researchers usually do not use all procedural remedies to remove potential impacts of CMV. Therefore, statistical remedies are strongly suggested to control and remove effects of CMV from data analysis. We have mentioned some common and effective statistical remedies [...]

HRM Research in Pakistan: Existing Approaches and Future Directions

Research Article

Many have highlighted the importance of a context-based understanding of HRM in developing countries. We take stock of Pakistan-based HRM literature to examine its context-orientation. Based on the typology of Neuman (2000), we divide the literature into three streams--the positivist, the interpretivist, and the critical. Our analysis reveals that the positivist stream endorses the adoption of Western HRM practices in Pakistan without considering its differences from the West, whereas, the critical stream takes a cynical stance towards the very existence and function of HR departments in Pakistan, thereby undermining the importance of any improvements in the prevailing systems. The interpretive [...]

Distinctive Characteristics of Mobile Advertising in Measuring Consumers' Attitude: An Empirical Study

Research Article

Mobile advertising has gained substantial momentum in the past decade as it is expected to surpass more than 100 billion dollars in the near future. However, this domain seems to be insufficient in empirical testing. Hence, the aim of the current research was to empirically examine the determinants of mobile marketing having impact on consumers' attitude. These factors were also mediated by emotional value in order to accomplish consumers' related behavioral outcomes. A quantitative approach based upon a cross-sectional administered survey was employed to collect the data from 343 university going student as respondents. The Partial Least Square (PLS) two-step [...]

Determinants of the Consumers Green Purchase Intention in Developing Countries

Research Article

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Attitude towards Television (ATTV) on consumers' Environmental Concern (EC) and perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) in developing countries. The model developed for the study further shows the impact of perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) and consumers' attitude towards green purchase (ATGP) on their green purchase intention (GPI). Data from 574 respondents were collected through an online questionnaire and the hypothesized causal relationships were tested using structure equation modeling (SEM). The findings of the study revealed that ATTV has a significant impact on consumers' PCE and EC. EC was found to have [...]

A Principal Component Approach to Measuring Investor Sentiment in Hong Kong

Research Article

In light of the increasing integration between China and Hong Kong, this paper develops a new market sentiment index for the Hong Kong stock market, one of the largest stock market in the world. The components of the sentiment measure includes the turnover ratio, short-selling volume, money flow, HIBOR and return of the U.S. and Japanese markets. We also include the Shanghai and Shenzhen Composite index in our measure to capture the influence of Chinese markets on the Hong Kong market. A threshold regression model using the sentiment index as a threshold variable is estimated to capture the state [...]

Capital Structure and Business Groups: Evidence from Pakistan

Research Article

The purpose of this study is not only to test the effects of group affiliation on capital structure decisions of Pakistani firms but also to compare the determinants of capital structure of group's affiliated firms with those of independent firms. This study also investigates the differences in the financial decision of both group affiliates and independent firms during the period of the energy crisis.Using the 2-step GMM method, this study finds that business group affiliated firms use relatively more debt financing as compared to independent firms in Pakistan. Overall, this study verifies the existence of standard determinants as suggested [...]

International Stock Market Diversification among BRICS-P: A Cointegration Analysis

Research Article

This study explores the benefits associated with the international portfolio diversification among BRICS-P economies. The dynamics of the globe are changing, and the economic transformations have made the emerging economies a prominent center for investments. The possibility of international diversification among the BRICS-P economies may help the investors in maximizing their utilities by earning a higher return with a given level of risk. To assess the benefits of diversification and to explore the long-term and short-term dynamics of the selected stock markets, this study uses Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach. The findings show that substantial portfolio diversification benefits exist [...]

Editorial

Editorial

The editorial board of Journal of Management Science (JMS) has recommended to limit the scope of the Journal. Currently the scope of the journal is covering almost all areas of Business and Economics (management, marketing, human resource, economics, financial economics, banking, finance, operations management, supply chain, etc.). However, from volume 5 issue 1, JMS will only publish research articles falling in the new scope of the journal which includes all aspects of management related to strategy, entrepreneurship, innovation, information technology, and supply chain as well as all functional areas of business, such as marketing, and operations. The current issue [...]

English Language Teachers' Code-switching in Class: ESL Learners' Perceptions

Research Article

Code-Switching is generally defined as a shift from one language to another by the speaker during the speech. It is a common linguistic phenomenon in Pakistani classrooms. It is considered to have both positive and negative impact. This exploratory study investigated the perceptions of Pakistani students towards teachers' code-switching during English lectures at tertiary level. Students have different attitudes towards code-switching of teachers in classroom. There is a need to investigate whether it is beneficial or malevolent to switch between two codes in an English classroom and how the students view this alternation between codes. The researchers employed 5-point Likert [...]

Machiavellianism and Counterproductive Behaviors at Workplace

Research Article

The purpose of this research is to study the preference towards getting involved in counterproductive behaviors at workplace in relation to the Machiavellianism personality attribute. One hundred and seventy six executive men/women working at supervisory/managerial level having a minimum of three years working experience were selected randomly. The tests administered were: Mach IV Scale and Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist along with demographic sheet. Individuals who have reported high scores on Machiavellianism were found to be positively correlated with a preference for counterproductive work behaviors. Correlation values are found significant at 0.01 level. The data analysis of sub-scales of Counterproductive [...]

Education in Pakistan: Perspective, Failures and Prospects

Essay

The basic assumption of this paper is that education, though the most enduring strand of the social fabric, must for clarity of understanding, be seen in the relevant political and economic contextual framework. The political and economic life in a country fosters and sustains education, but these forces are far too strong in impact and can very well work at cross purposes. The story of education in Pakistan that unfolded itself in a span of sixty years had its genesis in India and was a branching out from the same system which came as a legacy from the British. In [...]

Impact of HR Policies on Employee Motivation in Private Schools of Karachi, Pakistan

Research Article

This study investigated the influence of HR policies and practices on the motivation of employees in private schools. Relevant information was gathered from school teachers in Karachi through a questionnaire while the sample size includes 512 responses. The statistical tool applied in this study was partial least square structural equation model (PLS- SEM). Findings showed that compensation, employee empowerment, fair job appraisal, employee recognition and job satisfaction have a positive and significant relationship with the employee motivation concluding that these factors of HR policies motivate employees. This study provided management with the ways to incorporate strategies in order to motivate [...]

Starting an English Writing Center in a Private University

Research Article

Writing centers have long been identified as a supplementary component in process based writing skill development. While writing centers are a common constituent at higher education institutes in the developed world, these facilities are rarely available within the developing academic contexts. This paper revolves around the introduction of writing center facilities at a graduate business school in Pakistan. The study is framed as action research with phases of implementation followed by a feedback mechanism leading to the next phase. Feedback was collected with the help of observation and semi structured interviews conducted with instructors, tutors, as well as writing center [...]

Trust in Internet Banking in Malaysia and the Moderating Influence of Perceived Effectiveness of Biometrics Technology on Perceived Privacy and Security

Research Article

Internet banking is gaining popularity in Malaysia due to its convenience which is achieved by unique business interactions between banking institutions and customers via websites and mobile applications. However, the incredible escalation of internet fraud cases has caused increased privacy and security risks for internet banking customers. Based on a review of literature, this paper developed a research framework to gauge the impact of customer perception about the effectiveness of biometrics technology on perceived privacy and security and its influence on trust and intention to continue internet banking. In light of the growing viability of biometrics technology as a solution [...]

Uncertainty and Risk Analysis of Pakistan's Regional Trade: Fan Chart Approach

Research Article

Economic forecasting, both specific and general, is a crucial part of economic planning for a country. It is required to effectively deal with uncertainity as well as possible negative impact of proposed policies in future. Therefore, correct predictions will improve the effectiveness of the decision-making process. This study is a pioneering attempt to forecast aggregate and regional trade of Pakistan by using annual time series data from 1974 to 2014. With the help of fan chart, aggregate and regional trade of Pakistan have been forecast from 2015 to 2020. Fan chart provides ranges of forecast at different levels of significance [...]

Impact of Individual Feelings of Energy on Creative Work Involvement: A Mediating Role of Leader-Member Exchange

Research Article

Individual feelings of energy (IFE), creative work involvement (CWI) and leader-member exchange (LMX) are understudied areas in Pakistan. The purposes of this study are: a) to analyze the mediating role of LMX on the relationship between IFE and CWI; and b) to evaluate whether the LMX relationship mediates differently for non-managerial staff, supervisors, middle and senior managers. A sample of 300 responses is drawn from the manufacturing companies of Karachi using a questionnaire administered to them. Exploratory factor analysis is used to extract three orthogonal constructs (namely, IFE, CWI, and LMX) and their convergent and discriminant validity are established through [...]

Does International Financial Integration Spur Economic Growth? Evidence from Pakistan

Research Article

The degree of international financial integration has seen a drastic change recently, especially during the last two decades. This study attempts to explore the relationship between international financial integration and economic growth in the context of Pakistan through a sample of data from 1975 to 2013 using time series analysis. International financial integration is used as an index that comprises foreign direct investment, remittances, and external debts. The results indicate that international financial integration has a significant and negative effect on economic growth. Cointegration results have found a significant and long run relationship, whereas variance decomposition method shows bidirectional causal [...]

GSP Plus Status and Income Distribution: A CGE Model for Pakistan

Research Article

The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) plus on a household income of Pakistan. The European Union, the largest trading partner of Pakistan, granted the status of GSP plus to Pakistan in December 2013. The study has used MyGTAP, developed by \citeA{minor2013mygtap} to calculate the impact at household level. This MyGTAP model uses the data of the latest available Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) to make changes in the standard GTAP by including multiple types of household and labor. The main findings of the simulations, run under MyGTAP model show a [...]

Co-integration of Sukuk and Bond Yields - Evidence from Globally Placed Sukuk

Research Article

The study addresses the question ``How do the financial markets perceive and price internationally issued Islamic bonds?'' It is examined by empirically testing for the evidence of co-integration of sukuk yields with the US Treasury yields using Vector Error Correction (VEC) models. Our results indicate that the sukuk yields are highly co-integrated with the US Treasury yields in long-term relationships. The short-term dynamics of the sukuk yields with the interest rate series is, however, complex showing bi-directional influences. We infer that the international financial markets are viewing and pricing sukuk in a manner similar to that for the conventional [...]

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Linkage between international trade, financial development and economic growth in Saudi Arabia: An application of the combined cointegration approach

Research Article

This article has been retracted : ........... The purpose of this study is to analyze the linkage between economic growth, financial development, and international trade for Saudi Arabia over the period of 1968-2015. The integration order among the series was analyzed by using structural break unit root tests. The long-run relationship was examined by using the ARDL bounds testing approach. The robustness of the ARDL bounds testing approach was confirmed by using the Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration method. The results confirm the long-run relationship among the variables. International trade appears to be the driver of economic growth, while financial development affects economic [...]

Editorial

Editorial

The first Issue of Volume 4 of the Journal of Management Sciences presents a diverse selection of research papers in the field of business management offering valuable insights into the business and management studies. The current issue focuses on economic and management issues in Asia. In first paper \citeA{M_K_2017} found that implementing biometrics technology in Internet banking clearly improves the relationship between perceived security and privacy. This in turn leads to greater intentions to continue using Internet banking among the customers. Authors recommended that biometrics technology features should be included in Internet banking system which will encourage the banking users [...]

Impact of Personality Traits on Investment Intention: The Mediating Role of Risk Behaviour and the Moderating Role of Financial Literacy

Research Article

This study investigates the role of risk behaviour in mediating the association between personality traits and investment intention and moderating role of financial literacy between the association of risk behaviour and investment intention within a sample of 284 students with finance background. Regression analyses was executed in a series to test the impact of independent variables on dependent variables. Along this, separate models for the mediator and for the moderator were appraised to get more vibrant results. Results suggest that individuals who are active, sympathy toward others, determined, well-organized are more willing toward Investment. Further results revealed that risk behaviour [...]

Determinants of Economic Stability through Female Unemployment: Evidence from Pakistan

Research Article

The objective of this study is to capture a nexus between economic stability and female unemployment in Pakistan. Since economic stability enables macro-economic objectives such as sustainable growth, it creates conductive environment for employment. This study used foreign direct investment (FDI), consumer price index (CPI), fiscal deficit, debt to GDP, interest rate and exchange rate regarded as indicators of economic stability. Whereas, time series data for the period from 1973 to 2015 has employed through Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillip-Perron and unit roots tests are applied to check the stationarity of the data. It has found that data is a [...]

Influence of Investor Sentiments on Stock Market Capitalization of Different Economic Sectors in a Developing Economy: Evidence from Pakistan

Research Article

This study investigates the effect of investor sentiment on the stock market capitalization on different economic sectors of Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan by using the data from the year 1972-2014. The findings of EGARCH model suggest that the Power and Fuel sector and the Chemical sector are more affected by investor sentiment as compared to the other sectors due to the presence of big giants' firms of Pakistani market in those sectors. Furthermore, it is concluded that noise traders are irrational traders and they follow news and trends. Therefore, it is recommended that a number of different educational and [...]

The Study of Potential Shariah Non-Compliance Risks in Murabahah Along with Their Risk Management

Research Article

The primary objective of this paper is to find out the Shariah Non-Compliance Risks (SNCRs) of Murabahah along with proposing its risk management system. As the activity of Shariah non-compliance is negligence or failure to comply with the Shariah rules and regulations as well as for some extent the breach of the law of the land. Hence, Identification, Monitoring, Control and Mitigation of SNCRs need to be undertaken sensitively otherwise the spirit and objective of Islamic banks (IBIs) will be no more different than conventional banking system. Moreover, failure in control and mitigation of Shariah non-compliance risks may render the [...]

The Reliability of Alliances on Korean Peninsula in Post-Cold War Period: Democracies vs. Non-democracies

Research Article

Alliance building has been an important feature of international relations in all the interna- tional systems. During Cold War in international system alliances were formed on ideological basis. Some of them came to an end in post-Cold War, while others exist even today. The US-ROK alliance and PRC- DPRK alliance can be taken as good examples of these alliances. Although these alliances were formed to balance each other, yet the commitments are dependent upon the form of government in each of the ally state, in the wake of post cold war. This article examines the alliance formation through theoretical prism [...]

The Writing Needs of Business Students: A Teacher's Perception in an EFL Context

Research Article

The proficiency in writing skills is the most basic and important skill to achieve success in academics. Therefore, not only to ace the exams but also to perform better the students need to develop and improve their writing skills, especially in an EFL environment. Here the perception of teachers regarding the writing needs of business students' matter a lot, as they design their course and teaching materials according to the specific writing needs of the students. Hence, to improve the writing skills of students, it is imperative to determine their writing needs and then employ various strategies, which cater to [...]

Syntactic Errors in Pakistani Undergraduate Students' Written English

Research Article

This paper investigated the syntactic errors prevalent in Pakistani undergraduate students' written English. It also sought to outline the possible causes of these errors. The study employed content analysis by basing it on Corder's error analysis methodology to accomplish the research objectives. The study was conducted at a renowned private university. Participants for the study were those BS first year students who had obtained their higher secondary school certificate from Karachi Intermediate Examinations Board. The writing samples of eighty eight o students from this group were obtained. The corpus was then analyzed to discover the syntactic errors, and determine their [...]

Should We Use JCR Impact Factor or We Can Have Our Own Relative Importance Metrics?

Editorial

Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan has been endeavoring to raise the quality of research in Pakistan and they have selected research journals as a tool to enhance research capabilities. Every year a team of HEC's eminent scholars evaluate and approve list of research journals which meet the HEC criteria for recognition. One criterion for the evaluation of journal is bibliometric indicators. Though different bibliometric indicators are available but HEC uses Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)Impact Factor, to evaluate Higher Education Institute (HEI), scientific research, entire journals, and individual articles.

Understanding the ISI Impact Factor and the [...]

High Performance Management Practices and Sustainability of SMEs. Evidence from Manufacturing and Services-based Industries in Pakistan

Research Article

Prior research on high performance management practices (HPMP) has primarily examined the relationship between HPMP and firm performance in the context of large organisations. However, this study examines the relationship between HPMP and Sustainability outcomes (firm performance) in small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) and also within a specific cultural background which is under researched. This research study is related to both theory and practice. The main relevance lies in analyzing the relationship between HPMP and sustainability outcomes in SMEs. This research study relates to theory by applying the resource-based view and configurational approaches used in this study. The study employed [...]

Indirect Impact of Hedonic Consumption and Emotions on Impulse Purchase Behavior: A Double Mediation Model

Research Article

Impulse purchasing is a universal yet seldom discussed phenomenon. This research study was oriented with the objective to identify the double-mediated relationship between impulse purchasing behavior and fashion orientation through hedonic consumption and emotions. To achieve this objective, survey research method was deployed and data had been collected from 231 general fashion consumers of Karachi. Process macro developed by Hayes (2012) was used as a statistical tool in order to study the relationship between the studied variable. The results suggest that hedonic consumption and positive emotions fully mediates the relationship between fashion orientation and impulse purchasing. The implications portrayed that [...]

The Governance and Management of Child Care Centres

Research Article

This study explores the management and governance interaction in a child care setting. Globally the importance of women in the workforce and the education of young children has shone the spotlight on child care. Most child care research focuses on the education of the child. However, the management and governance of the centres can influence the staffing, resources and culture of the centre, which in turn can affect the care of the children. Further, limited government funding in the sector also heightens the need to understand the impact of management and governance. The findings, from a participant-observer research approach, highlight [...]

Developing Normative Commitment as a Consequence of Receiving Help - The Moderated Mediating Roles of Team-Member Exchange and Individualism/Collectivism: A Multi-level Model

Research Article

With increased market competition, organizations have devoted much effort to retaining talented employees. As a consequence, a considerable amount of research attention has been paid to investigating an employee's willingness to remain within a particular working environment through the lens of the three-dimensional organizational commitment framework (i.e. affective, continuance, and normative commitment). Unfortunately, little is known about factors contributing to the formation of employee normative commitment. Thus, we seek to develop a theoretical model describing how employees' normative commitment may be affected by receipt of helping behavior, the norm of reciprocity, team-member exchange, and individualism/collectivism. In particular, we propose [...]

Navigating Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in Vietnam: An Empirical Investigation

Research Article

While fiscal policy has been operated counter-cyclically in most of the developed countries (DCs), the reverse trend has been found in most of the low income developing countries (LDCs). This conclusion has been drawn in the literature during the past decades based on the correlation between fiscal and business cycle indicators. This phenomenon of LDCs is more pronounced during recessions due to the limitations in the credit markets as well as other social political distortions. This paper is the first effort to introduce an empirical investigation on the cyclical behavior of fiscal instruments in Vietnam using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) [...]

Impact of Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Stock Market Performance: An Empirical Study of Pakistan Stock Exchange

Research Article

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of fiscal and monetary policies on stock market performance along with the identification of moderating role of political stability in Pakistan. Data of Pakistani stock exchange for last 35 years (1981 to 2016) has been analyzed by applying multiple analytical methods. Stationary analysis has been performed through Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests. Confirmation of long run relationship has been done through Johansen co-integration analysis. The study has employed ordinary least square method (OLS) of Hierarchical regression analysis to analyze the nature of relationship. Error correction [...]

Does Geopolitical Risk Drive Equity Price Returns of BRIC Economies? Evidence from Quantile on Quantile Estimations

Research Article

This research aims to study the effects of geopolitical shocks on the equity market returns of BRIC economies. We used quantile on quantile regression (QQR) a non-parametric technique to capture the relationship between the said variables. The results confirmed a heterogeneous response of BRIC equity returns to their own country geopolitical risk. Brazilian and Russian funds were found to be more responsive to the geopolitical shocks, whereas, Indian and Chinese funds have shown resilience to the geopolitical uncertainties. The policy recommendations based on the findings are also discussed in the study. [...]

Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on the Growth of Islamic Banking: A Case of Pakistan

Research Article

The present paper attempts to investigate the impact of some selected macroeconomic factors on the growth of Islamic Banking. An Islamic banking is one of the most rapidly growing segment of the economy nowadays particularly in Pakistan and other Islamic countries around the world. Therefore, the aim of our current study is to investigate whether macroeconomic variables influence the growth of Islamic banking in Pakistan or not. For that purpose, we used seven macroeconomic factors such as, gross domestic product, Muslim population, inflation rate, money supply, total savings, interest rates, and remittances. These variables are used because they directly or [...]

Corporate Governance and Earnings Management: A Model and Empirical Investigation from Karachi Stock Exchange

Research Article

This study seeks to probe into the relationship between Corporate Governance (CG) and Earnings Management (EM). To fulfill the objective of the study, a panel data approach by considering the data of seventy four (74) non-financial firms listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) for the time period of nine years from 2005 to 2013 have been taken. Earnings management is calculated through discretionary accruals as a proxy by using Modified Jones Model. Panel data is analyzed for correlation analysis, assumptions of regression and Random-effects GLS regression by using STATA 13. In general results are in favor of the propositions that [...]

Impact of Devaluation on Balance of Trade: A Context of Neighboring Countries

Research Article

Currency devaluation plays an important role in reshaping trade balance. Counties like China and Malaysia have experienced export-led growth based on maintenance of their devalued currencies. This study provides the effect of recent currency devaluation of Pakistan on its trade with neighboring countries namely China, India, and Iran. The countries are of remarkable importance because the trade climate of the region is in transition in the essence of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The paper adopts the elasticity approach to test the effect of devaluation by examining Marshall-Lerner condition. The study uses Panel data estimation models to determine import and export [...]

Teachers' Perceptions Regarding the Factors Affecting English Essay Writing of O'level Students

Research Article

The aim of this empirical study is to explore O level English language teachers' perceptions regarding teaching practices and methods used in teaching English essay writing. The population of study comprised O Level English language teachers (N=131) schools of Karachi. Through simple random sampling technique, data were collected from (n=58) participant schools which forms approximately 44% of the targeted population. Total sample size was n=73 (n=22 male and n=51 female) teachers. To carry out the cross sectional survey of the chosen sample, two instruments i.e., Factors Affecting English Essay Writing for Teachers (FAEWT) and teachers' structured interviews were developed [...]

Feminist Assumptions and False Promises of Peace: A case study of India and Pakistan

Research Article

Current paper elucidates about War and peace the two basic elements of international politics. Starting with the debates among scholars of the subject, the paper argue critically the shortcomings of feminist school of thought over their assumption of peace and prevention of war through gendered politics. The theme of the paper is that, the gender either feminity in particular or masculinity in general have no impact on politics, both the domestic and international one. The international politics is driven by the national interest and regulatory force is beyond gender's control. This argument is applied and testified in two south Asian [...]

Principals' Leadership and Human Resource Development in Schools of Pakistan: An Exploratory Study

Research Article

This study strives to explore a Private Schools' System (PSS) leadership beliefs and practices in foregrounding human resource development in the fields of professional development and performance management at its six dimensions of the human, the professional,the organizational, the political, the moral and the managerial in schools. The study begins by providing a multi-disciplinary review of school leadership and human resource development, based on a framework for understanding how school leadership can help organizations accomplish their goals. Using a quantitative study paradigm, the paper aims to provide a detailed description of the beliefs and practices of leadership personnel in [...]

The Editorial Team of Journal of Management Sciences

Editorial

It is an immense pleasure and honour for us to announce that the Journal of Management Sciences (JMS) has been added to Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Master Journal List with indexing in Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI). This makes JMS, the only research journal of Pakistani Business School (IQRA University) available on the Web of Science. Our next aim is to take JMS to ISI Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and later to Journal Citation Record (JCR) with a good ISI Impact Factor. As editors, we also value the feedback which shows that both authors and reviewers are pleased [...]

Dynamic Relationship between Urbanization, Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan: Evidence from Structure Break Testing

Research Article

This study investigates the Carbon dioxide emission-urbanization-growth nexus in Pakistan by taking time series data from the period of 1972 to 2013. The study applied three approaches of co-integration (ARDL bounds test, Johansen and Juselius and Gregory and Hansen structural break test) to confirm the valid long-run positive interaction between carbon dioxide emission and urbanization. The robustness of cointegrating vectors are further checked using FMOLS and DOLS tests and the results validate the long-run coefficients. The results of VDM exhibit the uni-directional causality between carbon dioxide emission and urbanization running from urbanization to carbon dioxide emission. It was therefore noted [...]

Comparison of Islamic Banks with Conventional Banks: Evidence from an Emerging Market

Research Article

This paper evaluates and compares the performance of Sharia-compliant banks with their conventional counterparts operating in Pakistan. Data of five full-fledged Islamic Banks(IBs) and fifteen Conventional Banks (CBs), all from Pakistan, have been used for the study. Study period comprises of six years from year 2008 to year 2013. Bank's orientation, efficiency, quality of assets and stability are the measures used to compare the performance of Shariah-compliant and conventional banks. The Islamic Banks in Pakistan are younger in age and smaller in size compared to the Conventional Banks. Based on the financial ratios of two types of banks, we find [...]

Disaggregated Energy Consumption and Sectoral Outputs in Thailand: ARDL Bound Testing Approach

Research Article

From an economic perspective, energy-output relationship studies have become increasingly popular in recent times, partly fuelled by a need to understand the effect of energy on production outputs rather than overall GDP. This study dealt with disaggregated energy consumption and outputs of some major economic sectors in Thailand. ARDL bound testing approach was employed to examine the co-integration relationship. The Granger causality test of the aforementioned ARDL framework was done to investigate the corresponding causality effect. Results showed that, from year 1980 to 2010, productivity of most scrutinized industries was highly reliant on crude oil and natural gas. However, coal [...]

Electricity Generation and Its Impact on Real GDP and RealExports of Pakistan: A Co-integration Analysis

Research Article

The objective of the study is to present the influence of Electricity Generation on Real GDP and Real Exports of Pakistan using time series data from 1972 to 2014. The results of Johansen Co-integration test revealed that Electricity Generation, Employed Labour Force, Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Terms of Trade have a positive influence on while Exchange Rate is having negative relationship with Real GDP. In other model, Electricity Generation, Employed La- bor Force, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Relative Prices are evidence of increasing real Exports. On the other side, Exchange Rate is negatively associated with real Exports of Pakistan. [...]

Attitudes and Behaviors of the Mobile Phones Users towards SMS Advertising: A Study in an Emerging Economy

Research Article

Advertisement through SMS is a commonly used medium in the era of technology. Companies are utilizing this medium of advertisement quite frequently. Rapid increase of the usage of mobile phones has developed an innovative way of utilizing this marketing tool. Due to the exponential growth in telecommunication industry after introduction of SMS and MMS, this study has been conducted to investigate the consumer attitude towards SMS advertisement and its relationship with behavior. Entertainment, irritation, product involvement and appeal were used in order to investigate the attitude of the consumer. A questionnaire was used to examine the relationships among variables of [...]

Bank Lending Decision under Uncertainty: The Case of Borrowers From European Peripheral Countries in the Sovereign Debt Crisis

Research Article

The European Sovereign Debt Crisis (ESDC) spanning from 2010 to 2012 results in the biggest recession since the Global financial crisis. European countries faced high government debt, rapidly rising yield spreads in government bond, and then the collapse of several European banks. The peripheral countries, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain are arguably the most unstable hosting a vast majority of financially troubled borrowers. This paper studies the implications of spillovers from affected local banking systems to other countries which have operations in these troubled economies. Using a comprehensive interbank and international syndicated loan data sample, we find evidence on [...]

Time-varying Return and Volatility Spillover among EAGLEs Stock Markets: A Multivariate GARCH Analysis

Research Article

This study investigates the presence of return and volatility spillover across EAGLEs stock markets, namely China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Brazil, Turkey and Mexico. A multivariate GARCH DCC and BEKK frameworks are employed by classifying the total sample (i.e. from January 2002 to February 2017) into three sub-periods according to the 2008 Global financial crisis. The result shows a significant and positive spillover effect among stock markets in the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. The transmission of spillover from external markets intensely influenced by US stock market. Furthermore, strong inter-connection and channel of spread observed among EAGLEs stock market during the [...]

A Novel Approach for Circular Trade Detection in Mercantile Exchange

Research Article

The derivatives market having a significant number of investors trading in futures contracts, is vulnerable to manipulation by some perpetrators. Protecting market participants from a prevalent manipulation called circular trading and providing a fair market has always been a challenging task for regulators. This kind of malpractice is represented by the trading behaviors of a group of investors who trade among themselves frequently to increase the price of the commodity and consequently make forged prosperity. This paper presents a network-based approach for detecting investors involved in circular trading in the futures market. This is done initially by constructing the daily [...]

Does Conditional Conservatism affect the Cost of Capital? Evidence from China

Research Article

Conditional conservatism is strict verification of losses than gains and in timely recognition of earnings by reflecting bad news more quickly than good news. This study inspects the relation of conditional conservatism and the cost of capital. This paper examines whether timely loss recognition in financial reporting lowers the cost of capital in China A-Share listed enterprises registered in Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges. This research analyse the penal data over the period 2002 to 2013. We find that conservatism reduces the cost of capital by decreasing dividend payoff, and conservatism reduces the agency conflict by reducing dividend payoff. Paper [...]

Openness, Government Size and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Research Article

This paper investigates the relationship among openness, government size and economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration to investigate the relationship among the variables. Empirical estimates revealed that in the long run, financial openness and trade openness had an insignificant negative effect on economic growth while physical capital and government size had significant positive and negative effect on economic growth, respectively. In the short run, financial openness, physical capital and government size had significant negative effects on economic growth while trade openness had significant positive effect on economic growth. The study concluded [...]

Impact of Teachers' Subject Matter Knowledge and Behaviour on Students' Performance

Research Article

This study investigated the impact of teacher's subject matter knowledge and their behavior on the student's performance. Qualified and well behaved teachers help to boost learner's confidence and involvement in learning activities. In Pakistan, the quality of school level education is continuously deteriorating. It may be because of the reason that most of the private schools, due to their financial constraints, hire less qualified and untrained teachers. The data was collected through a 5 points Likert scale questionnaire. Responses were obtained from the students of secondary and matric classes of three different schools. Data was analyzed using various statistical techniques, [...]

Estimating Financial Volatility with High-Frequency Returns

Research Article

The primary value of a time series model lies in its ability to provide reliable approximations of the modelled variable, both in-sample (where data are used to estimate model parameters) and out-of-sample (where the model is updated with new information and produces forecasts). In this paper, an overview of the various models in the GARCH family is followed by their application in estimating the daily volatility of Citigroup Inc., a major player in the US. sub-prime mortgage crisis. Fitting these estimates to the ex-post realized volatility measure constructed from high-frequency returns provides superior goodness-of-t than tting them to the [...]

Illusory Nature of Pricing of Illiquidity Effect: The Test Case of Australian Stock Market

Research Article

Positive illiquidity premium is documented to be linked with the illiquidity effect across global markets. This evidence is generally suggested through some asset pricing model, such as Acharya and Pedersen (2005) or others. Our study shows that the success of any such model in terms of magnitude of predicted risk premium is linked with a measure of illiquidity used in the study. The main implication of this evidence is that the variety of illiquidity related risk premiums can be reported for the same market, or for the number of markets. To elaborate this point, the test case of Australian stock [...]

The Impact of Islamic Banks and Takaful Companies on Economic Growth: A Case of Pakistan

Research Article

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Islamic Banks and Takaful on economic growth of Pakistan. Using panel data from 2009 to 2014 of five Islamic Banks and five Takaful Companies, and taking Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as dependent variable, Total Deposits (TD) of Islamic Banks and Total contribution (TC) of Takaful companies as independent variables, analysis is done to find the impact of Islamic Banks and Takaful companies on the economic growth of the country. The study employs Fixed Effect Model for the econometric analysis. The study concluded that there is a significant role of [...]

Financial Literacy, Behavioral Biases and Investor's Portfolio Diversification: Empirical Study of an Emerging Stock Market

Research Article

The purpose of this study is to check the impact of financial literacy and behavioral biases on investor's portfolio diversification. Data were collected through questionnaire using sample size of 181 investors trading in Pakistan Stock Market. The results indicate that financial literacy has insignificant and positive influence on investor's portfolio diversification, behavioral biases such as familiarity and availability biases have insignificant and negative while overconfidence bias has significant negative impact on investor's portfolio diversification. Portfolio size also has significant positive impact on portfolio diversification. The findings suggest the implementation of financial literacy programs to facilitate the investors, trading in different [...]

Impact of Semi-Autonomous Revenue Authority on Tax Revenue and Buoyancy: Evidence from Pakistan

Research Article

This paper efforts to investigate the effect of semi-autonomous revenue authority (SARA) on the tax revenue and tax buoyancy of Pakistan. The current study uses the annual time series data spanning the period between 1972-2015 was used. After ensuring the stationary property of the data series and long-run relationship between variables, the regression analysis is employed to test the model. The results reveal that gross domestic product substantially increases the tax revenue collection. Moreover, the impact of SARA reforms is insignificant but positive in Pakistan. However, the cumulative effect of SARA reforms and real income becomes negative and insignificant on [...]

Effect of Offline Parent Brand Dimension on Online Trust, Satisfaction and Loyalty: In Context of Newspaper Industry

Research Article

The shift towards technological era has caused services to adopt technology to increase customer satisfaction. Although much work has been done on offline brand dimension of newspapers and its effect towards website satisfaction, website trust and website loyalty; this paper focuses on how offline brand dimension of newspaper effects website satisfaction, website trust and website loyalty in the Pakistani context. The mediating effect of Offline Brand Dimension of newspaper on Website Trust and Website Satisfaction has also been studied in this paper. Offline Brand Dimensions has been studied as a result of four factors which include: Brand Trust, Brand Satisfaction, [...]

Impact of Role Model on Behavioral and Purchase Intentions among Youngsters: Empirical Evidence from Karachi, Pakistan

Research Article

Concept of celebrity endorsement evolved in last few decades and it has strengthened its roots. Companies spend millions of dollar on celebrity endorsement. Marketers are trying to identify the impact of celebrity endorsement on companies' profitability and advertising objectives. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of vicarious role model such as showbiz celebrity or sports celebrity on purchase intentions, brand loyalty and positive word of mouth among young adults of Karachi. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data through survey research method and data was collected from 252 students by using convenience sampling technique. Factor analysis [...]

Banking on Corporate Social Responsibility

Research Article

This exploratory study set out to understand the true value of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the banking sector. Businesses, including banks, actively participate in CSR but the question of value still persists. What does the bank receive in return for participating in CSR? Do banks get more customers as a result of their CSR programmes? Do banks have a better customer retention rate because of their CSR programme? Will customers change banks purely because they disagree with their banks CSR programme? These were some of the issues addressed but due to the small sample size, the findings cannot be [...]

The Impact of Structural Empowerment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Organization and Job Performance: A Mediating Role of Burnout

Research Article

The banking sector employees are usually exposed to potential job burnout which impacts their employee performance. This study examined the impact of structural empowerment on organizational citizenship behavior-organization (henceforth, OCBO) and job performance and further examined the mediating effect of job burnout in the relationships of structural empowerment, OCBO and job performance. In this study, data from 282 employees was taken from four banks: both public and private sectors. Two stage sampling technique was carried out to collect data. In the first stage probability cluster sampling and in the second stage convenience sampling was used. Different data analysis techniques like [...]

Determinants of Teacher's Job Satisfaction: Evidence from the Primary and Secondary Schools of Karachi

Research Article

Teacher's job satisfaction has been considered a very important element in the training and development of pupils in their early academic years. This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the teacher's job satisfaction in the context of primary and secondary schools, when controlling for their age, gender, experience, marital status and education. These five determinants include occupational stress, empowerment, interpersonal relationships, working conditions and self-efficacy. A sample, of 280 respondents, is drawn from school teachers of Karachi. Principal component and hierarchical multiple regression analyses are used to test the proposed hypotheses. With exception of self-efficacy, the results show [...]

Investigating the relationship among Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence

Research Article

The current study is aimed to investigate relationship among three different factors associated with secondary level teachers including organizational commitment, job satisfaction and emotional intelligence in Pakistan. Additionally, it is aimed to investigate the role of age and gender in determining these aspects among selected audience. In order to achieve the research objectives, sample of 150 teachers at secondary level is selected by using stratified random sampling with proportionate allocation to each stratum. Field survey has been conducted during course of current study, and results are based on research type of ex post facto in which structured questionnaire is used [...]

Oral Communication Apprehension Among Undergraduate Engineering Students in Pakistan

Research Article

This paper investigates the levels of oral communication anxiety of undergraduate engineering students in Pakistan. The data was collected from four departments of the university. \citeA{mccroskey1978} oral Communication Apprehension (OCA) Survey Instrument was adopted for this study. The questionnaire was translated into Urdu (National Language of Pakistan) to make it clear to respondents. The data analysis revealed 18\% of the sample had a high level of oral communication apprehension, 66\% faced an average level of oral communication apprehension and 16\% were in a low level of oral communication apprehension. This study also discloses that there is no significant difference in [...]

China's Foreign Policy Choices and Domestic Constrains: Maneuvering for Peaceful Rise

Research Article

The paper explains how the People's Republic of China has developed its strategy on three different levels: domestic, regional and global to manage its interests, focusing on the objectives and choices available at the end of China. The purpose to conduct this research is to critically analyze how the objective of peaceful rise is gradually, but coherently in the right direction, by the application of ideological, economic and defense means in well-articulated way. The crux of utilization of these foreign policy instruments, reflects that Confucius-ism and tributary system's legacy is applied in dealing with smaller neighboring states and four regional [...]

Perspectives of Primary School Teachers Regarding Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning: A Descriptive Study

Research Article

This paper attempts to analyze the perceptions and practices of primary school teachers regarding the effectiveness of cooperative learning (CL) method and to identify the challenges that are encountered while implementing CL in schools. Sample was constituted by 65 teachers from a private sector school system with the help of stratified sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Data analysis reveals that lecture method is highly used teaching method at primary level whereas teachers use other teaching methods as well, such as lecture demonstration (LD), CL, project based learning (PBL) and [...]

Does Balance of Payments Constrained Growth Model Hold in Saudi Arabia?

Research Article

The paper aims to examine whether or not the balance of payments constrained growth model holds in Saudi Arabia. Also, the paper seeks to examine whether the balance of payments constrained growth model can predict Saudi Arabia's real GDP growth rate. In the long-run, the estimation results show that Saudi Arabia has an elastic income elasticity of demand for imports and an inelastic price elasticity of demand for imports. The McCombie test shows that the hypothetical income elasticity of demand for imports, which assumes balance of payments is in equilibrium, is not significantly different from the estimated income elasticity of [...]

Impact of Capital Structure on Firms? Financial Performance: Evidence from United Kingdom

Research Article

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the impact of capital structure on financial performance of United Kingdom (UK) firms' during the period from 2006 to 2015. The investigation is performed using data of 739 UK very large and large listed companies on London Stock Exchange. The study uses four performance measures, including return on equity - ROE, return on assets - ROA, Tobin's Q and earnings per share EPS as dependent variables. The two capital structure ratios, namely long-term liabilities and short-term liabilities as well as growth rate of total assets are applied as independent variables. Size [...]

Relationship between Trade Openness and Energy Consumption in Oil Importing Asian Countries

Research Article

The present study intended to examine the impact of trade on energy consumption using data of four oil importing, heavily populated, and developing economies of Asia namely Pakistan, India, China and Bangladesh. The study covers the period of 1972 to 2011. The data was checked for the Cross-sectional Dependency using CD-test, then CIPS panel unit root test, Panel cointegration, and Pooled Mean Group estimates approaches were used. Empirical results confirmed the Long-run relationship between energy consumption and trade openness. This study confirms the influence of trade on energy consumption and that they are positively related. International trade increases the energy [...]

Remittances, Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in SADC: A Panel Co-integration Approach

Research Article

The current growth in per capita gross domestic product for countries within Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) has been below the target of 7% as provided by the sustainable development goals. This study uses panel co-integration techniques to establish the presence of non-linearity between long term growth and remittances, the substitutability or complementarity between foreign direct investment (FDI) and remittances as sources of long term growth. Annual data for 12 SADC member states for the period 1970 to 2014 was employed. Findings show that remittances promote long term growth and the connection between the two is nonlinear. Remittances positively affect [...]

Herding Behaviour among Credit Rating Agencies

Research Article

The aim of this paper is to identify the influence degree among the main rating agencies and the other variables that affect rating changes for sub-sovereign entities in Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, Italy and Spain, using a total of 32 territorial entities between 1996 and 2012. Due to the shortage of European sub-sovereigns with more than 2 ratings, we estimated six binary probit regressions as a combination of 3 rating agencies two to two. We conclude that Fitch is the most influential agency on the other two rating agencies, but Standard and Poor's is the leader. There are other relevant [...]

The Impact of Sectoral Foreign Direct Investment on Industrial Economic Growth of Pakistan

Research Article

This study examines the impact of sectoral foreign direct investment on the industrial economic growth of Pakistan, by means of Cobb-Douglas production function. Three sectors were used namely manufacturing, construction, mining & quarrying for panel data during the period of 1997 to 2011. This study used three standard panel unit root tests; PP statistics panel unit root, ADF statistic, IPS panel unit root test. Moreover, to test the cointegration between the variables, three dierent types of test were used for the panel cointegration test based on Johansen sher, Kao residual cointegration, Pedroni residual cointegration tests to nd the long [...]

An Empirical Investigation on the Effect of Brand Loyalty

Research Article

This paper examines how satisfaction, brand image, price, packaging and perceived quality influence brand loyalty. A self-administered questionnaire through mall intercept method was used for survey purpose. Valid sample size was 300 comprising all adults and both genders. The constructs used in this study had established reliabilities. After ascertaining the normality of data a typical multiple step procedure was adopted which is inclusive of identifying outliers, ascertaining normality of the data, reliability analysis, validity analyses, CFA for all the constructs through structural equation modeling (SEM), and testing the overall model through SEM. Derived hypotheses results were assessed on SEM's output [...]

Impacts of Globalization on Economic Growth - Evidence from selected South Asian Countries

Research Article

The study uses overall index of globalization developed by \cite{dreher2006does} in which all three types of integration were utilized such as political, economic and social integration. The data of three south Asian countries like Pakistan, India and Bangladesh were taken for the period from 1981 to 2011. Initially, stationary properties of selected variables were checked through conventional unit root tests such as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip Perron (PP) test followed by ordinary least square (OLS), granger causality is applied and finally long-run relationship among variables were confirm by employing Johansen test of cointegration i.e. trace test and [...]

Lessons From the 2008 Global Financial Crisis: Imprudent Risk Management and Miscalculated Regulation

Research Article

Of the major shortcomings exposed during the 2008 global financial crisis, there are two aspects that have attracted much interest among academics: the under-appreciation of the complexity of new operations at large financial institutions and the inadequate oversight of basic prudential supervision by regulatory agencies. To provide a brief focus on elements of these aspects, this paper presents corresponding case studies involve the fall of two of the largest finance companies ever existed: American International Group and Lehman Brothers Holdings. A survey of related historical arguments shows that while AIG fails due largely to its extended involvement in the new [...]

Motivation in English Language Learning: A Study of English Language Centers in Hyderabad

Research Article

This study analyzes and determines the socio-psychological aspect of EL learners studying English language overtly in addition to their college / university education in various language centers in Hyderabad. The study focuses on motivation a contributing factor in second language acquisition, particularly on Gardener's concept of instrumental and integrative motivations of students. In order to determine the students' tendency towards the L2 acquisition 60 subjects of population of 2 renowned English Language Centers were selected randomly and were given them a questionnaire based on \citeA{Gardner1974} Attitude / Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). The results revealed existing phenomena of learners' motivation in [...]

Content Analysis of the Provincial Pakistan Studies Textbook for Class IX-X

Research Article

The paper presents the results of the content analysis of the Pakistan Studies textbooks, of grade IX and X, published by the Sind Textbook Board (STBB). The content was evaluated against the objectives, set by the Federal Ministry of Education. The analysis includes the connections between the selected content and the set framework with additional focus on the quality of the textbook with respect to its printing and publishing styles. An adapted content analysis checklist by \cite{marsh2006} was used for the study. Results show quite a few similarities between the national objectives and the selected content, however, some differences were [...]

Index Future Trading, Spot Volatility And Market Efficiency

Research Article

This paper examines the impact of the listing of index futures trading on spot market volatility, market efficiency and volatility asymmetric responses. In order to model the effects of the introduction of index futures contracts, a modified GJR-GARCH model has been applied to examine the structural change of conditional variances before and after the introduction of index futures trading in S&P500;, Nikkei 225, ASX all Ordinaries, and an equally weighted international portfolio. Additionally, this study adopts the coefficient dynamic tests to examine whether the identified impacts of index futures are consistent over time in both the individual indices and the [...]

Impact of Leaders' Change-Promoting Behavior on Readiness for Change: A Mediating Role of Organizational Culture

Research Article

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the leaders' change-promoting behavior on employees' readiness for change and whether the organizational culture mediates this relationship. A sample of 205 responses is drawn from employees having junior or senior level of managerial responsibilities in Karachi. The method of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses is employed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The structural equation modeling method was then applied to examine the theoretical framework with the help of seven frequently reported goodness-of-fit indices. The results indicate that leaders' change-promoting behavior has a significant [...]

Do Liquidity and Financial Leverage Constrain the Impact of Firm Size and Dividend Payouts on Share Price in Emerging Economy

Research Article

This study investigates the influence of liquidity position and financial leverage on the relationship of share price with firm size and dividend payouts in Pakistan by using the annual panel data of 356 non-financial firms listed on Karachi stock exchange from the period of 1999 to 2013. Pedroni panel cointegration approach confirms the valid long run relationship between considered variables. Results indicate that firm size and dividend payout have significant positive relationship with the firms' stock prices in long run. Results of causality test show the bidirectional causal relationship of firm size and dividend payout with stock prices in non-financial [...]

Does Profitability affect Debt Ratio? Evidence from Vietnam Listed Firms

Research Article

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between profitability and leverage of Vietnam listed corporations in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). The study finds strong evidence that this relationship is negative. This conclusion is not affected by control variables as well as firm and year fixed effects. Particularly, it is found that the smaller the firms are, the more profound the relationship is. In line with many previous researches, this result is in favor of the Pecking order theory. In the Vietnamese context, small and profitable firms tend to have higher incentive to [...]

Tourism Development and Real Effective Exchange Rate Revisited by Wavelet based Analysis: Evidence from France

Research Article

This research scrutinizes the empirical association of tourism development (TD) and real effective exchange rate (ER) in the high tourist arrival economy; France by wavelet transform context. This innovative technique allows the decomposition of time-sequence at diverse time frequencies. We applied continuous wavelet, wavelet coherence power spectrum and wavelet based Granger causality analysis to explore the connection between TD and ER, by using the monthly data from 1996 (1) -2015 (8). Outcomes show that there is a unidirectional causal impact from TD to ER in short run and also a bidirectional causal influence of TD on ER in medium and [...]

How does Interest rate effect Exchange rate of Pakistan. Evidence of ARDL Bound Testing Approach.

Research Article

The purpose of this paper is to examine the long run as well as the short run relationship between exchange rate and interest rate in the context of Pakistan. Annual time series data have been used over the period of 1980 to 2015. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen and Jeuuselius?s cointegration technique, auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing model, error correction model (ECM), CUSUM and CUSUM of square tests for stability of model and, causality analysis in supporting variance decomposition and impulse response function are used to meet the research purpose. The study concluded the existence [...]

Impact of Monetary Policy on Private Investment: Evidence from Pakistan

Research Article

This study analyzes the impact of real discount rate, government investment and foreign direct investment on private investment in Pakistan by using annual time series data over the period of 1975-2015. The research used Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen and Juuselieus's co-integration technique, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing model, Error Correction Model (ECM) and Causality Analysis to analyze the relationship. Results of ECM and cointegration analysis suggest that a significant negative short and long run relationship exists between private investment and real discounted rate of return. Whereas, causality analysis confirms the unidirectional causality exists between [...]

Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Teachers' Performance: A Mediating Role of Monitoring Practices

Research Article

The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of HRM on teachers' performance in the context of Pakistan. Impact of HRM practices on teachers' performance has been an under-researched area in Pakistan. For the human development of any society the major share of responsibility lies with the teachers of that society, so in this study, we have investigated how HR practices affect the teachers' performance. We proposed a mediation model in which monitoring acts as a mediating mechanism to transmit the positive effects of HR practices on teachers' performance. Therefore teachers' performance is an issue that if addressed [...]

Determinants of Consumer's Behavioural Intention for Pirated Music in Pakistan

Research Article

This research is conducted with the objective to identify the determinants of customers' purchase intention for pirated music in Pakistan. The research contains Fair Price, Perceived Harm and Ethics as the independent variables to analyze the impact on Purchase Intention, which is a dependent variable. The sample size of this study is 350 respondents (including Graduate Students and lay men) who regularly buy pirated music CDs/DVDs in Karachi. Likert scale technique is used in this study. Data has been analyzed through the reliability statistical technique, factor analysis and linear regression analysis. The result indicates that Fair Price and Perceived Harm [...]

Job Satisfaction among the Primary Public and Private School Teachers of Karachi

Research Article

This research set out to explore the relationship between teacher job satisfaction and institutional undertakings within the context of schools located in Karachi Pakistan. 345 questionnaire were completed by teachers from both public as well as private schools. The data collected was analyzed through factor and regression analysis. The variables examined include working conditions, principle's leadership style, workload, collegial support, monetary rewards and career advancement and teacher autonomy. It was identified that all variables except for work load and autonomy were deems significantly as well as positively related to teacher's job satisfaction. [...]

Body Image of Pakistani Consumers

Research Article

This paper examines how media exposure, self esteem, and religiosity influence body image of Pakistan consumers. The underpinning of this study is based on Social Comparison Theory with two additional variables (religiosity and self esteem) for understanding understand consumer attitude towards body image. A self administered questionnaire was used. 193 persons responded at mall intercepts. The Conceptual framework was empirically tested through SEM. A positive relationship between exposure to media and body image was found while negative influence was found between self esteem and body image. No relationship was found between religiosity and body image. The results showed mixed outcomes [...]

Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Non-financial firms' Stock Returns: Evidence from Sectorial Study of KSE-100 Index

Research Article

This paper attempts to study the impact of pre-specified set of macroeconomic factors on firm's stock returns for nine nonfinancial sectors listed in Karachi Stock Exchange. The macroeconomic factors included are consumer price index, industrial production index, market returns, risk free return and money supply. The studied sample covers data from 2001 to 2011. Panel analysis using pooled OLS shows that all studied sectors firm's stock returns have negative relationship with consumer price index, money supply and risk free rate, whereas industrial production index and market returns indicates a positive relationship. The results of this study have important implications for [...]

Determinants of Brand Equity of QMobile: A case study of Pakistan

Research Article

The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of brand equity of QMobile users. A random survey was taken using a systematic sampling of colleges and universities in a metropolitan city, Karachi, Pakistan. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The impact of each determinant was explored by using factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results suggested that all the determinants have a signicant impact on brand equity whereas brand response has no impact on brand equity dimension. [...]

Consumer perception of brand trust online of clothing in Karachi: A case study of Gul Ahmed

Research Article

Online purchase, in the clothing industry of Pakistan, is on a historical high. There are various factors that affect the brand trust of online consumers. This research is aimed to find the correlation between security and privacy of personal information, name of the brand, word-of-mouth, prior online experience and information quality on the one hand and the online brand trust of consumers on the other. The study is conducted in relation to a single brand, named Gul Ahmed. The sample for this study contained 387 respondents. The results of the study show that all these factors have a significant relationship [...]

Introduction to the First Issue of Journal of Finance & Economic Research

Editorial

It is with great pleasure that we introduce the first issue of Journal of Finance and Economic Research (JFER). Five papers have been selected for the first issue of the journal. The issue covers a diverse range of topics in the fields of finance and economics. The first article, titled ``Bank Profitability and its Determinants in Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis after Financial Crisis'' by Muhammad Ali, discusses the internal and external determinants of the Pakistan banking sector, specifically after the recent financial crisis of 2008. The second article, titled ``Critical review of Yasheng Huang's - Rethingking the Bejing Consensus'' [...]

Bank Profitability and its Determinants in Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis after Financial Crisis

Research Article

This study seeks to investigate the internal and external determinants of the Pakistan banking sector, specifically after the recent financial crisis of 2008. The sample data comprises of total 26 banks, which include 17 conventional, 5 Islamic and 4 public banks. The selected sample covers the period of five years from 2009 to 2013. A balanced panel data regression model has been used and considered return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as an alternative of bank's profitability. The results of the study suggest that bank's profitability is significantly affected by its internal determinants while external determinants are [...]

Critical review of Yasheng Huang's

Research Article

The unprecedented economic growth enjoyed by the People's Republic of China over the last few decades has attracted the attention of academics and policy-makers all over the world. The developing countries are not an exception and, in fact, many in Asia, Africa and Latin America may see the China model as an example of new development formula more effective than free markets. However, MIT professor Yasheng Huang pointed out that these countries, as well as China itself, should reconsider their future decision. His paper examining the nature of China model with regards to the principles of the Beijing Consensus, though [...]

Resistance to Adopt Mobile Banking in a Developing Country: Evidence from Modified TAM

Research Article

Mobile banking is an emerging concept with great potential but it is facing lower rate of diffusion. This study examines the perception and intention aspects of mobile banking adoption in Pakistan. Modified Technology Acceptance Model is used with the integration of four perceived risk dimensions (financial, privacy, time and security). A sample of valid 389 responses was drawn from the mobile subscribers of Karachi. The techniques of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess the reliability and validity of the measurement model. The structural equation modeling method was also applied to investigate the hypothetical framework with the [...]

Determinants of Inflation in Pakistan: Demand and Supply Side Analysis

Research Article

In order to achieve the objective, time series data is collected over a period of 1972 to 2014. Auto-regressive and distributed lag model is utilized for long run and short run results. The demand side factors of inflation are population, roads and government expenditure while supply side factors are imports, government revenue, electricity generation and external debt. In the long run, inflation is caused by roads, government expenditure, imports, government revenue and external debt. There is decline in price level due to foreign direct investment, electricity generation and population in long run. [...]

The Impact of Working Capital Management on Firms Profitability in Different Business Cycles: Evidence from Pakistan

Research Article

This study investigates the influence of working capital management on firms' profitability under different business cycles in 65 non-financial firms listed on Karachi stock exchange of Pakistan by using the annual panel data for 10 years from the period of 2004 to 2013. We use Pedroni panel co-integration and Kao residual panel co-integration approaches to confirm the valid long run relationship between considered variables. The result of regression analysis indicates that the significant negative relationship exists between cash conversion cycle and its components with firms' profitability. Moreover, the business cycle affects the working capital management and firms' profitability relationship. It [...]

Application of Kalman Filter on Modelling Interest Rates

Research Article

This study aims to test the feasibility of using a data set of 90-day bank bill forward rates from the Australian market to predict spot interest rates. To achieve this goal I utilized the application of Kalman lter in a state space model with time-varying state variable. It is documented that in the case of short-term interest rates,the state space model yields robust predictive power. In addition, this predictive power of implied forward rate is heavily impacted by the existence of a time-varying risk premium in the term structure. [...]

Impact of Rewards System on Teacher's Motivation: Evidence from the Private Schools of Karachi

Research Article

This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the rewards system on employee's motivation in the context of private schools. A sample of 310 respondents is drawn from the private school teachers of Karachi. The rewards system was measured through five independent variables including salary offered, recognition, promotion, working content, and working conditions. By using exploratory factor and regression analyses, the results show that except salary oer, rests of the four variables have been found statistically significant to predict teacher's motivation. However, the recognition of efforts followed by working conditions have revealed the greatest impact on [...]

Political Juicy Gossips Hit the Job: A Case Study from Health Sector

Research Article

The purpose of this research is to study a new dimension in the research base of employee's intention to sabotage. Its purpose is to elaborate on the impact of abusive supervision and grapevine on employees' intention to sabotage with employee cynicism as the mediator. The review of the literature conducted explains and highlights the role of an employee's intention to sabotage. Study indicates that abusive supervision and grapevine has a positive relationship with the employee's intention to sabotage and that the employee cynicism creates full mediation between abusive supervision, grapevine, and intention to sabotage. The limitation of the study is [...]

Impact of Oil Prices on Stock Market Performance: Evidence from Top Oil Importing Countries

Research Article

This study aims to analyze the impact of oil price on stock market performance in top oil importing countries. We used balanced panel data over a sample period of 1995 to 2017 with annual frequency. The sample data was gathered from World Development Indicator (WDI), Global Financial Indicator (GFDI) and West Texas Intermediate (WTI). The sample data were analyzed using regression test under the assumptions of Hausman test. Findings obtained from the fixed effect model suggest that oil price has a negative and insignificant impact on stock market. Similarly, the exchange rate also showed negative and insignificant impact while inflation [...]