Writing is an important skill for language production. However, it is considered a difficult skill, particularly in English as a second language (ESL) contexts where students face many challenges in writing. Therefore, the present study was conducted with an aim to investigate problems in Pakistani undergraduate ESL learners' writing and factors that hinder their writing skills. It also aimed at obtaining suggestions on how to improve Pakistani ESL learners' writing skills. For this purpose, focus groups of Pakistani English language teachers'and undergraduate ESL learners were conducted. Writing samples were also collected from 30 ESL undergraduate learners to find the major [...]

The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of HRM on teachers' performance in the context of Pakistan. Impact of HRM practices on teachers' performance has been an under-researched area in Pakistan. For the human development of any society the major share of responsibility lies with the teachers of that society, so in this study, we have investigated how HR practices affect the teachers' performance. We proposed a mediation model in which monitoring acts as a mediating mechanism to transmit the positive effects of HR practices on teachers' performance. Therefore teachers' performance is an issue that if addressed [...]

Code-Switching is generally defined as a shift from one language to another by the speaker during the speech. It is a common linguistic phenomenon in Pakistani classrooms. It is considered to have both positive and negative impact. This exploratory study investigated the perceptions of Pakistani students towards teachers' code-switching during English lectures at tertiary level. Students have different attitudes towards code-switching of teachers in classroom. There is a need to investigate whether it is beneficial or malevolent to switch between two codes in an English classroom and how the students view this alternation between codes. The researchers employed 5-point Likert [...]

This study examines the level of financial literacy in Pakistan. Financial literacy (or financial knowledge) is characteristically an input to assess the requirement for financial education and explain changes in financial outcomes. The study reveals that the individuals, who have the more financial knowledge, usually save more. It is inevitable for investors and the general public that they possess sufficient knowledge and awareness about how financial institutions and markets work; types of risks and expected return, that subsequently is fruitful for the growth of the economy. The results show that 1) middle-aged and older people are careful in spending their [...]

The purpose of this study is to explore the vital factors that influence teacher's intention to use technology in higher education. PLS-SEM has been used to analyze the data collected from 201 business university teachers. The study strives to examine the impact of eight variables i.e. Performance expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social influence, facilitating conditions, individual self-efficacy, human assisted self-efficacy, Computer Anxiety and attitude on teacher's intention to use technology using the technology acceptance model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology. The empirical findings revealed that the social influence, facilitating conditions, individual self- efficacy and attitude have [...]

This paper investigates the levels of oral communication anxiety of undergraduate engineering students in Pakistan. The data was collected from four departments of the university. \citeA{mccroskey1978} oral Communication Apprehension (OCA) Survey Instrument was adopted for this study. The questionnaire was translated into Urdu (National Language of Pakistan) to make it clear to respondents. The data analysis revealed 18\% of the sample had a high level of oral communication apprehension, 66\% faced an average level of oral communication apprehension and 16\% were in a low level of oral communication apprehension. This study also discloses that there is no significant difference in [...]

ICT revolution has stimulated eLearning to be an option for education delivery especially for distant learners. COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated its adoption, onsite learners inclusive. However, the perception of a low comparative effectiveness of eLearning learning has been critical issues among stakeholders. The researchers investigate the effect of three models of eLearning delivery platform on learning outcomes in social studies in Nigeria. Learning Management System, Web 2.0 and Mobile learning Applications were instructional packages while knowledge and retention were learning outcomes under investigation. The study adopts non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group research design. Learners who were exposed to the [...]

Empirical research about academics being bullied in the Pakistan higher education (HE) sector has been an emerging field in the last decade. This small thread of important research has begun to explore the gendered experiences of women academics facing multiple forms of bullying and harassment against them. This scoping review identified 45 refereed articles based on 37 studies conducted over the past two decades that investigated bullying targeted at academic staff by colleagues and administrators. While these studies included both men and women participants who had been recipients of bullying conduct, this generalist focus has underplayed the gendered nature of [...]

Students' classroom experiences and engagement are prominent research areas, predominantly in teaching and learning studies. Considerable attention is dedicated to identifying factors associated with higher levels of student engagement and the underlying reasons; nevertheless, the concept of student engagement is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore factors that influence higher education students' engagement. The present study examined the relationship between teacher enthusiasm, quality of content, and social support on student engagement with the mediating role of student enjoyment, student self-efficacy, and student boredom. The study utilized SEM to analyze the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that [...]

The major concern in teacher education has been the relationship between theory and practice among pre-service teachers. The study explored how pre-service teachers employed an information processing theory memory strategy of elaboration in the classroom to facilitate meaningful learning of English grammar. Participants included 10 pre-service teachers who were purposefully selected because they were undergoing teaching practice in 9 secondary schools in Malawi. Prior to data collection, informed consent was sort from participant in order to ensure and provide voluntary participation as part of ethical consideration. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations using interview schedules and observational [...]

This research study delves into the perceptions of secondary-level teachers regarding their professional identity, seeking to illuminate their understanding of themselves as professionals. The study employed phenomenological case study. Five teachers from the selected private school participated in the interviews. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The teachers' professional identity was found to be in a developing stage, primarily attributed to their limited experience and their exposure to professional identity exploration. Teaching identity of educators can be strengthened through their proactive engagement with reflective practices. In addition, digital literacy is the key to their learning identity development. [...]

Academic writing is an advanced and specialized form of communication used in academia to communicate the outcomes of scientific research. Academic writing is, hence, governed by the rules, conventions, and values of the scientific community. It is even more significant in today's knowledge based economies. Knowledge-based economies rely on continuous research and development for progress rather than the natural resources. The human capital forms the backbone of a knowledge-based economy. Hence, in such an economy, researchers and scholars enjoy great importance and academic writing skills become crucial along with research skills due to the need to share the outcomes of [...]

Writing is an important skill for language production. However, it is considered a difficult skill, particularly in English as a second language (ESL) contexts where students face many challenges in writing. Therefore, the present study was conducted with an aim to investigate problems in Pakistani undergraduate ESL learners' writing and factors that hinder their writing skills. It also aimed at obtaining suggestions on how to improve Pakistani ESL learners' writing skills. For this purpose, focus groups of Pakistani English language teachers'and undergraduate ESL learners were conducted. Writing samples were also collected from 30 ESL undergraduate learners to find the major [...]

Teachers' practices of achievement tests design have not been systematically explored in context. The current qualitative case study investigated the teachers' perceptions and practices of designing and using achievement tests at elementary level (Grade VII and VIII). The participants were four science teachers selected from two schools. Data was collected mainly by conducting semi-structured telephonic interviews and document collection. The findings revealed that teachers' practices of test design were not linked with their existing perceptions. There were no explicit criteria of achievement test design and using the assessment evidence. The findings also showed limited knowledge of achievement test design among [...]

The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of HRM on teachers' performance in the context of Pakistan. Impact of HRM practices on teachers' performance has been an under-researched area in Pakistan. For the human development of any society the major share of responsibility lies with the teachers of that society, so in this study, we have investigated how HR practices affect the teachers' performance. We proposed a mediation model in which monitoring acts as a mediating mechanism to transmit the positive effects of HR practices on teachers' performance. Therefore teachers' performance is an issue that if addressed [...]

There is a growing problem of waste management faced by developing countries. Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan having a population of approximately 24 million. Statistics indicate that on a daily basis, about 12,000 tons of solid waste is generated in Karachi alone, of which forty percent can be found on the city streets. Improper management of solid waste is causing the spread of infectious diseases and environmental pollution. This study examines how the solid waste management process is implemented in Karachi and the challenges faced by the responsible authorities. Solid waste management combines all activities performed in [...]

The present study investigates the role of smartphone usage, self-regulation, general self-efficacy and cyber loafing on university student's smartphone addiction and its impact on students' academic achievement. The data has been collected from 453 students of a private sector higher education institute of Pakistan through an online questionnaire. The results of the study indicated that both smartphone usage and cyber loafing positively and significantly affects smartphone addiction. The effect of self-regulation was negative but significant on smartphone addiction and cyber loafing. Moreover, the effect of general self-efficacy on cyber loafing was positive and significant. However, smartphone addiction has no significant [...]

Code-Switching is generally defined as a shift from one language to another by the speaker during the speech. It is a common linguistic phenomenon in Pakistani classrooms. It is considered to have both positive and negative impact. This exploratory study investigated the perceptions of Pakistani students towards teachers' code-switching during English lectures at tertiary level. Students have different attitudes towards code-switching of teachers in classroom. There is a need to investigate whether it is beneficial or malevolent to switch between two codes in an English classroom and how the students view this alternation between codes. The researchers employed 5-point Likert [...]