Journal of Education & Social Sciences

Critical Assessment of English Examination Paper of B.Com Degree Program with Respect to Bloom's Taxonomy

Research Article

English is used in many parts of the world as a second or third language. The learners develop the skills of English in order to enhance opportunities for employment, higher quality education, and a good lifestyle. The purpose of this paper is to analytically review and point out the strengths and weaknesses of B.COM final term examination paper of English with special emphasis to Reading Comprehension through the framework of educational objective provided by Bloom's Taxonomy. Moreover, it provides assistance to the competitive authorities in improving their methodology of teaching of English Reading Comprehension and preparing the final term [...]

By Akhtar Ahmed Khalili, Hina H. Kazmi, Khalid M. Iraqi Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
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A Case Study on Quality of Education in the Trust School, Lahore

Research Article

Over the last few decades quality of education has been given special attention in the academic world. After many reforms and efforts, Pakistan still lags in providing quality education. However, some private school systems are making good efforts in providing quality education and that too at affordable fees. The Trust School is one of this kind and in a short span of time it has achieved a significant position among quality driven schools. The purpose of this research was to study the quality of education provided by The Trust School in detail. For that, the researchers took case study design [...]

By Nauman Ahmed Abdullah, Tuiba Ikram Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: Quality, education, trust school, case study. Read more...

A Study of Difficulties of Students in Learning Programming

Research Article

Programming has been a challenging subject for computer science students. A programmer must have strong analytical and reasoning skills to program effectively. In order to inculcate such skills, instructor must prepare their lectures accordingly and employ several novel techniques to develop analytical and problem solving skills into the students. Despite the strong need, there have not been any studies to identify the major challenges faced by programming students. Such a study can help instructor in development of appropriate materials and planning of lectures accordingly. To fulfill this gap, this work performs a survey of 57 students who just completed their [...]

By Noman Islam, Ghazala Shafi Sheikh, Ridah Fatima, Farrukh Alvi Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: Programming issues, flipped class room, teaching, algorithm, pointers, debugging. Read more...

Academic Research in Collaborative Learning Environment: Evidence from a Developing Country

Research Article

Research is getting enormously important to compete with rival institutes for ranking, financial funding, students enrollment. However, there still exist numerous gaps in our understanding of creating a knowledge generating environment that will produce superior quality research. With the initiation of web 2.0 technology, a model of social networking sites has become increasingly famous. With ever increasing popularity, these social media have been used by researchers and academicians as well to enrich the learning outcome and academic performance. However, OSNS have been a debatable topic in academia with its impact on the academic performance of the students. In this [...]

By Farwa Abbas, Syed Tehseen Jawaid Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: Social media, research, Facebook, web 2.0 technology, educational research. Read more...

Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment: A Quantitative Study at Higher Education Level in Karachi, Pakistan

Research Article

Although the education sector has been a fast-growing sector in Pakistan, it has been facing various challenges including the lack of effective leadership styles and teachers' organizational commitment. The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate the impact of Principals' transformational leadership style on teachers' organizational commitment at higher education level in Karachi, Pakistan. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X) developed by Bass and Avolio and Organizational Commitment Survey (OCS) developed by Meyer and Allen were used as research instruments to collect the data for the study. The survey method and stratified random sampling technique were used to collect [...]

By Shabroz, Martin Thomas, Shams Hamid Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: Transformational leadership, organizational commitment, structural equation modeling. Read more...

Non Profit Endeavors For Education in Pre-Partition Pakistan: A Historical Appraisal of Civil Society's Role as a Harbinger of Social Science

Research Article

Civil society is often considered a western construct with little meaning and application in the eastern societies. To many western writers, the western civil societies emerging in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were harbingers of social development in Europe and America by promoting social welfare and education services in those regions. On the contrary, the masses in the eastern societies were thought to be illiterate and backward until the advent of the European colonial governments. However, history bears the evidence that education has been one primary goal of voluntary human associations in Indian Subcontinent since the ancient times. In this region [...]

By Hina Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: Non-profit endeavors, civil society, pre-partition. Read more...

Use of Asynchronous Discussion Forum (ADF) and CompendiumLD (CLD) as a Learning Strategy in a Distance Learning Online Course- A Reflective Narrative

Research Article

The paper reflects on my personal learning experiences as a postgraduate online distance learner on the use of two contemporary ICT tools, i.e., Asynchronous Discussion Forum (ADF) and CompendiumLD (CLD). The paper opens with an overview on the use of ADF and CLD. I then reflected on my personal learning experiences on the subject matter through personal narrative method. Finally, I have suggested, how tutors can utilize these technologies to maximize learners' participation in online learning environment. ADF has nurtured critical thinking, questioning, writing and problem-solving skills. It has further optimized my online participation. Whereas, CLD has equipped me [...]

By Munir Moosa Sadruddin Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: CompendiumLD, Asynchronous discussion forum, ICT tools, online learning, distance learning, reflection. Read more...

Higher Education and Unemployment: In Urban and Rural Pakistan

Research Article

Pakistan's unemployment rate among individuals with higher education has increased rapidly in recent years. However, very little research is conducted so far on this phenomenon in Pakistan. This paper investigates the effect of higher education attainment on unemployment rate in urban and rural areas of Pakistan. Data of 10 years is taken from Labor Force Survey (LFS) for four provinces. Regression analysis is conducted to examine the data. The evidence suggests a strong positive relationship between population with higher levels of education (HE) and their unemployment rate. That is, with the increase in HE population there is greater increase in [...]

By Shafaque Fatima, Saqib Sharif Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: Higher education, urban unemployment, rural unemployment, Pakistan, male female population, labor force. Read more...

Technology is a tool for Learning: Voices of Teachers and Parents of Young Children

Research Article

Education in early years is becoming challenging to inculcate the best practices with specific support and demand to meet the global initiatives (Beckley, 2011). In this regard, teaching through technology plays a significant role if it is connected with relevant learning experiences (Willis, Weiser & Kirkwood, 2014). The students are exposed to a technologically rich environment through positive and consistent patterns in their learning experiences, it helps them in their cognitive development. Within the context of Pakistan, one thing commonly observed is the misuse of technology and lack of guidance provided by their parents to the young children. This study [...]

By Shahnaz Pirani, Nasreen Hussain Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: Early childhood development (ECD), Early childhood education (ECE), technology-based teaching. Read more...

Extremism and Intolerance: Psycho-Social Analysis and Wayforward

Research Article

Pakistan has been under security threats since her inception, however, the challenges it is facing today is unique in nature. Intolerance in society has given birth to social conflict, uprising of extremism, militancy and terrorism. The causes of psychological and emotional imbalance may be social injustice or psychological warfare. Institutions fighting to counter the threat are prime victims facing heavy casualty both in terms of men and material. At the initial level of this qualitative research, etiology of increasing intolerance, conflict and violence are examined with evidence from behavior of the inhabitants whereas in later part, the corollary is discussed [...]

By Khalid Mehmood Iraqi, Faheem Akhter Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2019
Keywords: Conflict, intolerance, extremism, militancy, psychological warfare. Read more...

Good Governance in Extremism and Militancy: A Case of Pakistan

Research Article

The importance of good governance for stability and peace in a country cannot be ruled out especially in this era of globalization; good governance has become an important element to achieve prosperity through social and economic stability. Pakistan which is undergoing extremism and militancy for last couple of years, is also deprived of good governance. Sudden rise in extremism and militancy poses a great danger and a serious threat to the governance of Pakistan. Institutions operating to curb the peril are also directly or indirectly becoming victim of terrorist actions. Pakistani nation feels great pain seeing explosions, killings, violence, violation [...]

By Faheem Akhter, Khalid Mahmood Iraqi Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Good governance, extremism, militancy Read more...

Predicting Student Achievement through Organizational Learning Culture

Research Article

This study focused on investigating the impact of learning culture on student achievement in Pakistani public high schools. An Urdu version of the Dimensions of a Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) was administered to head teachers of 174 public boys and girls high schools selected through random sampling technique. The overall percentage scores of the sampled high school in the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Lahore annual examination 2016 were also collected from the head teachers. The results showed that the seven factors of the DLOQ were significantly positively correlated with each other. The Simple linear regression analysis revealed that [...]

By Muhammad Akram, Ashfaque Ahmad Shah Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Learning culture, strategic leadership, embedded learning, student achievement, empowerment. Read more...

Strategic Methods for Departmental Growth within Higher Education in the U.S. during Tough Economic Times: A Case Study

Research Article

The financial welfare of higher education institutions in the United States has long been tied to the country's economic well-being. While the fiscal impact of downturns on higher education is typically reported on a more macro level, the consequences can be felt campus-wide as the effects often trickle down to the departmental level by means of a reduced allocation of funding. As a result, many academic departments are left with the task of proving their institutional worth in order to be allotted the funds necessary for programmatic maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to report on the declining enrollment [...]

By Neva E. J. Sanders-Dewey, Joy Dudek Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Higher education, enrollment, budget cuts, academic major Read more...

A Novel Framework Using Machine Learning to Effectively Analyze the Faculty Evaluations

Research Article

In this paper, a three pronged solution to faculty evaluation is proposed. Almost in every university, faculty and course evaluations are filled by students after the completion of courses. Due to the large volume of such evaluations, it becomes very difficult for management to carefully analyze them. This paper proposes a framework based on machine learning techniques that can be adopted for effective evaluation of faculty. It uses k-means clustering to group the evaluations and points out the specific area on which management needs to work on with faculty. Along with the quantitative evaluation of faculty, students also provide feedback [...]

By Noman Islam Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Faculty evaluation, machine learning, clustering, sentiment analysis, speech recognition, topic classification Read more...

Exploring the Social and Emotional Problems of Undergraduates' Business Students of Pakistan: A Qualitative Case Study

Research Article

Social and emotional health especially of young adults has been a considerable focus of scholarly research in the past few decades all over the world. Much of which is concerned about the number and statistics of people who are suffering from some kind of mental illnesses. This qualitative case study explored the experiences and perceptions of those business university students who are facing some social and emotional challenges and in this important phase of life which have a potential to be converted into something more serious i.e. mental disorders. This research identified those variables which are responsible for the [...]

By Najeeb Malik, Ismail Saad Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Social and emotional health; young adults. Read more...

Academic Outcomes in Language-Dependent and Computation-Dependent Courses among Mathematics Education Students in a Nigerian University: Top-Achievers Still Best of both Extremes

Research Article

In the field of mathematics education, there is an increased awareness of the need to account for the connection between mathematics and language. Despite the emphasis on this existing interconnectivity, students often erroneously distinguish themselves as better oriented to one extreme or the other. This study explores the pattern of academic performance of mathematics education students in language-dependent and computation-dependent courses. The study built on the Monitor Theory of second language acquisition to observe that school works existing as the practical result of learned language and grammar are among the reasons some students unnecessarily fear language-dependent courses. Ex- post facto [...]

By Joshua Abah Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Mathematics education, language-dependent, computation-dependent, mathematical mindset, top achievers Read more...

Wisdom of Young Adults with High Functioning Autism in Canada and Pakistan: A Cross-cultural Study

Research Article

This cross-cultural study investigates wisdom in people with high functioning autism (HFA). The diagnostic characteristics of autism are universal, as manifest in particular outward behaviours (DSM-4). One of the aims of this study is to explore how wisdom is understood in people with HFA. In a mixed methods study, interview questions asked participants how they understand wisdom; self-report measures of well-being (Life Satisfaction Scale) and wisdom (the 3D Wisdom Scale and the Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory) were also administered. Forty-six males participated from Karachi, Pakistan, and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada; the half diagnosed with high functioning autism were matched [...]

By Aftab Khan, Michel Ferrari Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Wisdom, autism, well-being, personal narratives. Read more...

Media Portrayals of Transgender People in Pakistan - A Case of Misgendering and Marginalization

Research Article

Stereotyping transgender people in media, all over the world, is more of a norm than an exception. Reviewing the Pakistani media archives, one gets the impression that, though over the past few decades some progress has been made, still there are many challenges to cope with in order to bring about a fairer and more balanced portrayal of the Pakistani transgender community. This paper investigates the media portrayals of the transgender people in Pakistan with reference to the Nation-one of the leading English newspapers. The study is both qualitative and quantitative, and analyzes the data stretched over five years-from 2011 [...]

By Jamil Asghar, Khurram Shahzad Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Transgender, representation, Pakistani media, transphobia, stereotypes Read more...

The Emotional Politics of Educational Leaders in Higher Education Institutions: A Discursive Perspective

Research Article

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are run under a set hierarchy of executive, operative and administrative levels of educational leaders with a prescribed pattern of processes and functions. A variety of diverse tasks with varied complexities are assigned to the educational leaders of all levels which are expected to be completed within the set time frame. Under such situations, the emotions of the educational leaders play an important role in helping them perform their tasks and achieve the set goals. The current study highlights the elements of educational leaders' emotions' interplay in institutional functioning, emotional relationships between educational leaders and colleagues, [...]

By Kiran Hashmi, Ismail Saad, Margaret Madden Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018 1 Citations
Keywords: Higher education institutions, emotions, educational leaders. Read more...

Content Analysis of Language Textbooks (English, Urdu, Sindhi) for Inclusivity

Research Article

Education plays an important role in preparing children to embrace diversity in the society with particular reference to accepting people with physical disabilities as equal contributors to the growth and development of the society and a textbook is an effective tool to achieve this objective (Kivirauma & Laitinen, 2014). The main purpose of this research is to study the representation of people with disabilities in the textbooks (text and illustrations) published by provincial and selected private publishers. This study uses content analysis method to analyze the content of the selected textbooks used at primary school level. Analysis of 58 textbooks [...]

By Fozia Gulab, Ashar Johnson Khokhar Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Disability education, inclusiveness, textbooks. Read more...

Developing Inclusive Education Approaches among Stakeholders in Pakistan

Research Article

Inclusive Education is a system, an approach, and a way of providing support to special need persons in achieving their life goals with their abilities and potentials. For some it is an ideal state, so implementation of these practices varies at all levels. Development and progress of inclusive education depend on answering many questions: what is the perception people have about it? Why do we need inclusive education? Who needs it? Whose responsibility is this and what to do to achieve the goals of Inclusive Education? Answering these questions needs research. Pasha (2012); Dua and Dua (2017) emphasized the role [...]

By Anjum Bano Kazimi, Syeda Wajiha Kazmi Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Inclusive education, perception, special needs, teaching approaches. Read more...

Developing Leader Behaviours among the Students of an Educational Leadership Programme

Research Article

Educationists have been showing considerable interest in knowing factors affecting leader effectiveness. In the midst of ineffective educational leadership and educational leadership development programmes, leader behaviours are considered one of the important predictors of leadership effectiveness and thus to be developed in educational programmes. This One-Group Pretest-Posttest Experimental Research explored the extent to which the participation in a course unit of the Educational Leadership Programme, offered by the Centre of Educational Leadership Development (CELD), Karachi, Pakistan, developed the required leader behaviours among the postgraduate level students. Fleishman's Leadership Opinion Questionnaire (Pierce & Newstrom, 2005) was used for the pretest and [...]

By Martin Thomas, Margaret Madden Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Leader behaviours, initiating structure, consideration behaviour, leadership skills, organizational climate. Read more...

Teachers Perceptions of their Knowledge and Skills in General and Specific Purposes English Courses at Distance and Regular Universities

Research Article

The purpose of the this survey study was to explore if there were any differences between EGP and ESP teachers in terms of the way they perceived their pedagogical knowledge and teaching skills in teaching English when they were teaching in distance and regular education systems. To this aim, 84 teachers from a regular University and 50 teachers from the distance university were selected to participate in the survey. They were all novice teachers that had been working either in EGP and ESP courses for 1 to 4 years. The survey instrument used in this study was a questionnaire developed [...]

By Razieh Rabbani Yekta Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Distance education, english for general purposes, english for specific purposes, teachers' professionalism, teachers' pedagogical knowledge, teaching skills. Read more...

An Analysis of Inclusive Growth for South Asia

Research Article

Key indicators of development and governance i.e., quality education, better health and good governance must coincide with the growth of nations. The benefits of growth should be shared with citizens in term of better health facility and improved quality of education, strong institutions, corruption free society and implementation of rule of law. This research gauge the relationships of growth, governance and development by focusing the eight countries of South Asia, through estimating the fixed effects model by using data from 2005 to 2014. This study finds development and governance gaps as well as evidence of inclusive growth. Growth process [...]

By Yasser Javed, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda, Waqar Akram Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Human development, GDP, growth, institutions and economics, general welfare Read more...

Deception as a Conflict Management Technique Scale: A Preliminary Analysis

Research Article

The current study was undertaken to develop a self-reporting scale on the perceptions and the uses of deception, both in general and as a conflict management technique. The study was initiated with Item Pool Generation followed by Data Collection which further leads towards Item Selection and finally the reliability and validity assessments. For data collection, a random sample of 408 individuals was drawn and administered with 50-item pool to carry out the item selection. For reliability assessment, a sample of 103 individuals on random basis were derived for the establishment of test-retest reliability. For validity assessment, 135 individuals' random sample [...]

By Tehzeeb Sakina, Anila Amber Malik Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2018
Keywords: Deception, Conflict Management, Scale development, exploratory factor analysis, reliability, construct validity. Read more...

Tertiary Academic Success: A Review of Factors in the Context of Ecological Model

Research Article

Working in academic settings is an important area in community psychology and tertiary academia (education after high school) is of marked signicance. Success in tertiary edu- cation is consequential for subsequent life and several factors are involved in it. The aim of this review paper was to analyze these factors within the context of Ecological Model of Dalton, Elias, and Wandersman (2007). To this model, environment has interconnected layers of proximal and distal systems which comprise ve ecological levels of analysis: individuals, microsystem, organi- zations, localities and macrosystem. Specically, the objectives of this study were to analyze the [...]

By Maryum Firdous, Saima Masoom Ali Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: Tertiary education, academic, success, ecological model Read more...

Impact of Active Learning Method on Students Academic Achievement in Physics at Secondary School Level in Pakistan

Research Article

This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of active learning method on students' academic achievement in Physics at secondary school level. A null hypothesis, of no significant difference in the academic achievement of students, taught physics through Active Learning Method (ALM) and Traditional Teaching Method (TTM), was tested to achieve the objectives. For this purpose, the pretest-posttest control group experimental design was used. Eighty (80) Physics students of 9th grade were selected as a sample from Government Centennial Model Higher Secondary School (No.1) District Haripur. These students were equally divided into experimental and control groups (n=40) on the basis [...]

By Kifayat Khan, Muhammad Iqbal Majoka, Khalid Khurshid, Syed Manzoor Hussain Shah Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: Effectiveness, active learning method, academic achievement, learning skills, and traditional teaching method. Read more...

English Reading Strategies and their Impact on Students' Performance in Reading Comprehension

Research Article

In Pakistan, English is taught as a compulsory subject from grade one to graduate level. It has been given the status of official language and is considered a symbol of status. In all official correspondence English language is used and it opens up the avenues to have access to high-ranking civil service jobs. Research studies have revealed that students feel difficulty in reading, speaking and writing English at Secondary school level in Pakistan and they were found to be poor readers and receive lower grades in English language. Keeping in view the importance of learning English for students, this study [...]

By Roshan Ali Teevno, Rasul Bakhsh Raisani Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: Learning strategies, performance, gender difference, area difference. Read more...

Strategies for Achieving ICT Literacy & Proficiency in the Rural Primary and Secondary Schools in Ghana

Research Article

In order to be productive members of African society, as well as responsible world citizens, the continent's next generation of leaders requires a full suite of knowledge and skills to compete in national, international, and global markets. The core of this knowledge base rests in the STEM and STEAM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics). The technology component - through ICT (Internet Computing Technology) - fosters research, discovery, communication, collaboration, and idea exchange among the other disciplines. It enables individuals to conduct business globally; and on local and national levels, leveraging myriad aspects of socio-economic and cultural prosperity. ICT [...]

By Eldonna L. May, Might K. Abreh Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: ICT literacy, digital citizenship, technology proficiency, ICT policies. Read more...

The Effects of Strategy-based Reading Instruction on Reading Comprehension and Reading Strategy Use

Research Article

This study investigates the effects of strategy-based reading instruction on the reading comprehension and metacognitive reading strategy awareness of Pakistani Undergraduate Business Administration students of a private sector university in Karachi, Pakistan. A quasi-experimental design was adopted and two intact groups of students were assigned to a control group (31 students) and an experimental group (31 students). The reading comprehension levels and metacognitive reading strategy awareness of both the groups were measured through a pre-test of reading comprehension and Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) questionnaire. The control group was taught through teacher-centred traditional reading instruction, whereas the experimental group was [...]

By Muhammad Younus, Imran Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: Strategy-based reading instruction, reading comprehension, metacognitive reading strategy awareness, reading strategies. Read more...

Editorial

It has been observed that a large number of Pakistani researchers are inclined towards quantitative research paradigm. Perhaps the reason is that they see outcomes of quantitative research as generalizable frameworks/models and a more accessible contribution to the knowledge economy. Using an etic view, these researchers try to explain the phenomenon in a way that is general and broader. Although the importance of quantitative research cannot be denied, ignoring the need of the qualitative research in solving the problems prevailing in various aspects of education is rather unwise. The Journal of Education and Social Sciences (JESS) has been successful in [...]

By Martin Thomas Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
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An Analysis of Achievement in Science, Piagetian Conceptual Frameworks and Attitude towards Learning Science among Elementary and Secondary School Children in Pakistan

Research Article

This study analyzed the 8th and 10th graders' attitude towards learning science (ATLS), required cognitive skills for science examination questions (SEQ), and patterns of actual cognitive skills (ACS), in accordance with the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT) and the Piagetian Conceptual Frameworks (PCFs). The sample of the study consisted of 564 (boys and girls) 8th and 10th graders of government elementary and high schools in Sindh province of Pakistan. The RBT applied to break down the 8th graders General Science examination questions in terms of Piagetian conceptual frameworks. A Cognitive Science Achievement Test (CSAT) based on the RBT administered to measure [...]

By Muhammad Tariq Bhatti, Wasim Qazi Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: Achievement, attitude, conceptual frameworks, elementary and secondary schools, revised Bloom's taxonomy, science. Read more...

School Council Policy in Punjab: Policy Formulation without Participation of Stakeholders

Research Article

Quality and equitable access to education largely remain mere aspirations for the populace. Despite the earnest efforts and commitment on the part of Government of the Punjab as well as support of international educational organizations, the goals continue to elude all efforts. This research has been conducted with the assumption that involvement of community in the major stages of policy-making in Pakistan is minimal. The study has highlighted the lack of effective community participation both at policy formulation and implementation stages in the Punjab Province. It has attempted to point out the irritants that discourage community participation. The researcher seeks [...]

By Rafaqat Islam Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: School-based management, school management committee, village education committee, education sector reform program, social action program. Read more...

English Language in Pakistan: Expansion and Resulting Implications

Research Article

From sociolinguistic or anthropological perspective, Pakistan is classified as a multilingual context with most people speaking one native or regional language alongside Urdu which is the national language. With respect to English, Pakistan is a second language context which implies that the language is institutionalized and enjoying the privileged status of being the official language. This thematic paper is an attempt to review the arrival and augmentation of English language in Pakistan both before and after its creation. The chronological description is carried out in order to identify the consequences of this spread and to link them with possible future [...]

By Syeda Bushra Zaidi, Sajida Zaki Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017 2 Citations
Keywords: English language, consequences, language spread, implications, endangered languages, indigenous languages. Read more...

The US Presidential Election of 2016 and the Political Socialization of 8th-Graders

Research Article

This mixed-methods study examined the political typologies, perspectives, and presidential preferences of 115 8th-grade students both six weeks before and on Election Day 2016. Data from the Pew Research Center's Political Typology quiz, surveys, coursework, and classroom observations revealed the students political candidate preferences were stable, though their political ideologies were quite malleable, with more than half (55\%) of the students' political typologies changing over the six weeks. After the election, most students expressed disdain and fear, yet few were able to express actions they could take to engage in the political process. [...]

By Derek Anderson, Joni Zyhowski Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: Political socialization, Trump, Clinton, election. Read more...

Editorial

After presenting four volumes of original work of researchers from all over the world, we present to you Volume Five, Issue One of the Journal of Education and Learning Sciences (JESS) for your scholarly interest. Karl Popper considers theories, ideas and models as real (Boyd, 2016) and despite being developed in unique contexts, these theories, ideas and models are generalizable across contexts of the world. Thus findings from the scholarly work included in the current volume of JESS are beneficial for educationists across the globe. An article by Rahat Bhatti, which took the first place in the current volume, analyzes [...]

By Martin Thomas Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: . Read more...

Islamic Beliefs in Compulsory Islamic Studies (Islamiyat) and Cognitive Development: An investigation

Research Article

Islamic Studies or Islamiyat is offered as compulsory subject following the recommendation of Objective Resolution 1949, and Constitution of 1973 of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Therefore, all successive governments of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan took measures to introduce Islamic learning programs and courses in academics. Apart from other measures of introducing Islam both as a religion and as a way of life in academia, the teaching of Islamiyat was made compulsory at all three tiers of education aligned with the Educational Policies 1959, 1972, 1978, 1992, 1998, and 2009. The current study is focused on analyzing the topics [...]

By Rahat Bhatti Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2017
Keywords: Islamic studies, cognitive development, topical framework, Piaget's stage theory, Islamic beliefs Read more...

ESL Learners' Writing Skills: Problems, Factors and Suggestions

Research Article

Writing is an important skill for language production. However, it is considered a difficult skill, particularly in English as a second language (ESL) contexts where students face many challenges in writing. Therefore, the present study was conducted with an aim to investigate problems in Pakistani undergraduate ESL learners' writing and factors that hinder their writing skills. It also aimed at obtaining suggestions on how to improve Pakistani ESL learners' writing skills. For this purpose, focus groups of Pakistani English language teachers'and undergraduate ESL learners were conducted. Writing samples were also collected from 30 ESL undergraduate learners to find the major [...]

By Muhammad Fareed, Almas Ashraf, Muhammad Bilal Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016 19 Citations
Keywords: Writing skills; Writing in ESL context; Pakistani ESL learners; Writing problems Read more...

Teachers' Intention towards the Usage of Technology: An Investigation Using UTAUT Model

Research Article

The purpose of this study is to explore the vital factors that influence teacher's intention to use technology in higher education. PLS-SEM has been used to analyze the data collected from 201 business university teachers. The study strives to examine the impact of eight variables i.e. Performance expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social influence, facilitating conditions, individual self-efficacy, human assisted self-efficacy, Computer Anxiety and attitude on teacher's intention to use technology using the technology acceptance model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology. The empirical findings revealed that the social influence, facilitating conditions, individual self- efficacy and attitude have [...]

By Shazma Nandwani, Sadiq Ali Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016 1 Citations
Keywords: UTAUT; Higher education; Technology usage; PLS-SEM, Pakistan Read more...

Empirical Assessment of the Constructs: Workplace Engagement, Job Burnout and Turnover Intention

Research Article

There is a growing interest found in the study of workplace engagement and it has become a buzzword in the recent years. It is considered HRM's new best friend which is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. However, its paucity results in job burnout which is characterized by exhaustion, depersonalization and a diminished sense of professional accomplishment. Job burnout usually takes place due to erosion of engagement. Moreover, if the burnout issue remains unaddressed, it will ultimately lead the employees to quit and will make creating a congenial working environment an even bigger a challenge for today's managers. The objectives [...]

By Syeda Nazneen Waseem, Reema Frooghi, Bushra Shahzad Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016 3 Citations
Keywords: Workplace engagement, factorial validity, UWES, MBI, burnout, turnover intention. Read more...

The level of Financial Literacy in Pakistan

Research Article

This study examines the level of financial literacy in Pakistan. Financial literacy (or financial knowledge) is characteristically an input to assess the requirement for financial education and explain changes in financial outcomes. The study reveals that the individuals, who have the more financial knowledge, usually save more. It is inevitable for investors and the general public that they possess sufficient knowledge and awareness about how financial institutions and markets work; types of risks and expected return, that subsequently is fruitful for the growth of the economy. The results show that 1) middle-aged and older people are careful in spending their [...]

By Shama Ghaffar, Saqib Sharif Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016 1 Citations
Keywords: Financial literacy, savings rate, Pakistan, personal financial management, household choice Read more...

A Study of Solid Waste Management in Karachi City

Research Article

There is a growing problem of waste management faced by developing countries. Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan having a population of approximately 24 million. Statistics indicate that on a daily basis, about 12,000 tons of solid waste is generated in Karachi alone, of which forty percent can be found on the city streets. Improper management of solid waste is causing the spread of infectious diseases and environmental pollution. This study examines how the solid waste management process is implemented in Karachi and the challenges faced by the responsible authorities. Solid waste management combines all activities performed in [...]

By Wardah Sabir, Syed Noman Waheed, Adil Afzal, Syed Muhammad Umer, Saad Rehman Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016 1 Citations
Keywords: Solid waste management, municipalities, illegal dumping, waste disposal, recycling Read more...

English Language Teachers' Code-switching in Class: ESL Learners' Perceptions

Research Article

Code-Switching is generally defined as a shift from one language to another by the speaker during the speech. It is a common linguistic phenomenon in Pakistani classrooms. It is considered to have both positive and negative impact. This exploratory study investigated the perceptions of Pakistani students towards teachers' code-switching during English lectures at tertiary level. Students have different attitudes towards code-switching of teachers in classroom. There is a need to investigate whether it is beneficial or malevolent to switch between two codes in an English classroom and how the students view this alternation between codes. The researchers employed 5-point Likert [...]

By Muhammad Fareed, Samreen Humayun, Huma Akhtar Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016 5 Citations
Keywords: English language, Urdu language, code-switching Read more...

Machiavellianism and Counterproductive Behaviors at Workplace

Research Article

The purpose of this research is to study the preference towards getting involved in counterproductive behaviors at workplace in relation to the Machiavellianism personality attribute. One hundred and seventy six executive men/women working at supervisory/managerial level having a minimum of three years working experience were selected randomly. The tests administered were: Mach IV Scale and Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist along with demographic sheet. Individuals who have reported high scores on Machiavellianism were found to be positively correlated with a preference for counterproductive work behaviors. Correlation values are found significant at 0.01 level. The data analysis of sub-scales of Counterproductive [...]

By Tehzeeb Sakina Amir & Anila Amber Malik Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016
Keywords: Machiavellianism; counterproductive work behavior; ethical behavior at work place Read more...

Education in Pakistan: Perspective, Failures and Prospects

Essay

The basic assumption of this paper is that education, though the most enduring strand of the social fabric, must for clarity of understanding, be seen in the relevant political and economic contextual framework. The political and economic life in a country fosters and sustains education, but these forces are far too strong in impact and can very well work at cross purposes. The story of education in Pakistan that unfolded itself in a span of sixty years had its genesis in India and was a branching out from the same system which came as a legacy from the British. In [...]

By Ismail Saad Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016
Keywords: Education, Pakistan, political stability, economic environment Read more...

Impact of HR Policies on Employee Motivation in Private Schools of Karachi, Pakistan

Research Article

This study investigated the influence of HR policies and practices on the motivation of employees in private schools. Relevant information was gathered from school teachers in Karachi through a questionnaire while the sample size includes 512 responses. The statistical tool applied in this study was partial least square structural equation model (PLS- SEM). Findings showed that compensation, employee empowerment, fair job appraisal, employee recognition and job satisfaction have a positive and significant relationship with the employee motivation concluding that these factors of HR policies motivate employees. This study provided management with the ways to incorporate strategies in order to motivate [...]

By Amna Umer, Akhtar Ahmed Khalil, Abid Shirwani Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016
Keywords: Compensation, employee empowerment, fair job appraisal, employee recognition and job satisfaction, employee motivation Read more...

Starting an English Writing Center in a Private University

Research Article

Writing centers have long been identified as a supplementary component in process based writing skill development. While writing centers are a common constituent at higher education institutes in the developed world, these facilities are rarely available within the developing academic contexts. This paper revolves around the introduction of writing center facilities at a graduate business school in Pakistan. The study is framed as action research with phases of implementation followed by a feedback mechanism leading to the next phase. Feedback was collected with the help of observation and semi structured interviews conducted with instructors, tutors, as well as writing center [...]

By Nadia Rahim Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2016
Keywords: Writing center, student writing support, EFL writing, L2 Read more...

The Reliability of Alliances on Korean Peninsula in Post-Cold War Period: Democracies vs. Non-democracies

Research Article

Alliance building has been an important feature of international relations in all the interna- tional systems. During Cold War in international system alliances were formed on ideological basis. Some of them came to an end in post-Cold War, while others exist even today. The US-ROK alliance and PRC- DPRK alliance can be taken as good examples of these alliances. Although these alliances were formed to balance each other, yet the commitments are dependent upon the form of government in each of the ally state, in the wake of post cold war. This article examines the alliance formation through theoretical prism [...]

By Haykaz Nazlukhanyan, Shah Rukh Hashmi, Muhammad Arif Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2015
Keywords: Alliances, China, Korea, security, The United States Read more...

The Writing Needs of Business Students: A Teacher's Perception in an EFL Context

Research Article

The proficiency in writing skills is the most basic and important skill to achieve success in academics. Therefore, not only to ace the exams but also to perform better the students need to develop and improve their writing skills, especially in an EFL environment. Here the perception of teachers regarding the writing needs of business students' matter a lot, as they design their course and teaching materials according to the specific writing needs of the students. Hence, to improve the writing skills of students, it is imperative to determine their writing needs and then employ various strategies, which cater to [...]

By Syeda Sana Atique, Imran Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2015 3 Citations
Keywords: Writing needs, tertiary business students, EFL, teachers� perception, teaching strategies Read more...

Syntactic Errors in Pakistani Undergraduate Students' Written English

Research Article

This paper investigated the syntactic errors prevalent in Pakistani undergraduate students' written English. It also sought to outline the possible causes of these errors. The study employed content analysis by basing it on Corder's error analysis methodology to accomplish the research objectives. The study was conducted at a renowned private university. Participants for the study were those BS first year students who had obtained their higher secondary school certificate from Karachi Intermediate Examinations Board. The writing samples of eighty eight o students from this group were obtained. The corpus was then analyzed to discover the syntactic errors, and determine their [...]

By Sameera Sultan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2015 3 Citations
Keywords: Syntactic errors, error analysis, written English Read more...

Teachers' Perceptions Regarding the Factors Affecting English Essay Writing of O'level Students

Research Article

The aim of this empirical study is to explore O level English language teachers' perceptions regarding teaching practices and methods used in teaching English essay writing. The population of study comprised O Level English language teachers (N=131) schools of Karachi. Through simple random sampling technique, data were collected from (n=58) participant schools which forms approximately 44% of the targeted population. Total sample size was n=73 (n=22 male and n=51 female) teachers. To carry out the cross sectional survey of the chosen sample, two instruments i.e., Factors Affecting English Essay Writing for Teachers (FAEWT) and teachers' structured interviews were developed [...]

By Mansoor Ali, Imran Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2015 2 Citations
Keywords: English Essay Writing, O level Teachers and Students, Cooperative Learning, Learning Strategies, Peer Review, Composing Processes Read more...

Feminist Assumptions and False Promises of Peace: A case study of India and Pakistan

Research Article

Current paper elucidates about War and peace the two basic elements of international politics. Starting with the debates among scholars of the subject, the paper argue critically the shortcomings of feminist school of thought over their assumption of peace and prevention of war through gendered politics. The theme of the paper is that, the gender either feminity in particular or masculinity in general have no impact on politics, both the domestic and international one. The international politics is driven by the national interest and regulatory force is beyond gender's control. This argument is applied and testified in two south Asian [...]

By Muhammad Arif Khan, Shah Rukh Hashmi Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2015 1 Citations
Keywords: Feminity, Gender, International Politics National Interest, War and Peace Read more...

Principals' Leadership and Human Resource Development in Schools of Pakistan: An Exploratory Study

Research Article

This study strives to explore a Private Schools' System (PSS) leadership beliefs and practices in foregrounding human resource development in the fields of professional development and performance management at its six dimensions of the human, the professional,the organizational, the political, the moral and the managerial in schools. The study begins by providing a multi-disciplinary review of school leadership and human resource development, based on a framework for understanding how school leadership can help organizations accomplish their goals. Using a quantitative study paradigm, the paper aims to provide a detailed description of the beliefs and practices of leadership personnel in [...]

By Kiran Hashmi Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2015 1 Citations
Keywords: Schools' Leadership, Human Resource Development, Work Dimensions, Beliefs, Practices Read more...

Impact of Teachers' Subject Matter Knowledge and Behaviour on Students' Performance

Research Article

This study investigated the impact of teacher's subject matter knowledge and their behavior on the student's performance. Qualified and well behaved teachers help to boost learner's confidence and involvement in learning activities. In Pakistan, the quality of school level education is continuously deteriorating. It may be because of the reason that most of the private schools, due to their financial constraints, hire less qualified and untrained teachers. The data was collected through a 5 points Likert scale questionnaire. Responses were obtained from the students of secondary and matric classes of three different schools. Data was analyzed using various statistical techniques, [...]

By Syed Moeenuddin Peerzada, Musarrat Jabeen Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2014 1 Citations
Keywords: Students performance, Teacher Subject Matter Knowledge, Teacher Behavior Read more...

Determinants of Teacher's Job Satisfaction: Evidence from the Primary and Secondary Schools of Karachi

Research Article

Teacher's job satisfaction has been considered a very important element in the training and development of pupils in their early academic years. This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the teacher's job satisfaction in the context of primary and secondary schools, when controlling for their age, gender, experience, marital status and education. These five determinants include occupational stress, empowerment, interpersonal relationships, working conditions and self-efficacy. A sample, of 280 respondents, is drawn from school teachers of Karachi. Principal component and hierarchical multiple regression analyses are used to test the proposed hypotheses. With exception of self-efficacy, the results show [...]

By S. Anum Nizam, M. Shahnawaz Adil Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2014 3 Citations
Keywords: occupational stress, empowerment, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, school teachers, Pakistan. Read more...

Investigating the relationship among Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence

Research Article

The current study is aimed to investigate relationship among three different factors associated with secondary level teachers including organizational commitment, job satisfaction and emotional intelligence in Pakistan. Additionally, it is aimed to investigate the role of age and gender in determining these aspects among selected audience. In order to achieve the research objectives, sample of 150 teachers at secondary level is selected by using stratified random sampling with proportionate allocation to each stratum. Field survey has been conducted during course of current study, and results are based on research type of ex post facto in which structured questionnaire is used [...]

By M. Athar Hussain, Imtiaz Ahmed, S. Zubair Haider Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2014 3 Citations
Keywords: Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Emotional Intelligence, Secondary School Teachers (SSTs). Read more...

Oral Communication Apprehension Among Undergraduate Engineering Students in Pakistan

Research Article

This paper investigates the levels of oral communication anxiety of undergraduate engineering students in Pakistan. The data was collected from four departments of the university. \citeA{mccroskey1978} oral Communication Apprehension (OCA) Survey Instrument was adopted for this study. The questionnaire was translated into Urdu (National Language of Pakistan) to make it clear to respondents. The data analysis revealed 18\% of the sample had a high level of oral communication apprehension, 66\% faced an average level of oral communication apprehension and 16\% were in a low level of oral communication apprehension. This study also discloses that there is no significant difference in [...]

By M. Fareed Dar, Imran Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2014 2 Citations
Keywords: Oral communication apprehension, undergraduate students, engineering students, gender, English as second language, English as third language Read more...

China's Foreign Policy Choices and Domestic Constrains: Maneuvering for Peaceful Rise

Research Article

The paper explains how the People's Republic of China has developed its strategy on three different levels: domestic, regional and global to manage its interests, focusing on the objectives and choices available at the end of China. The purpose to conduct this research is to critically analyze how the objective of peaceful rise is gradually, but coherently in the right direction, by the application of ideological, economic and defense means in well-articulated way. The crux of utilization of these foreign policy instruments, reflects that Confucius-ism and tributary system's legacy is applied in dealing with smaller neighboring states and four regional [...]

By Shah Rukh Hashmi, M. Arif Khan, Munazza Khan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2014 1 Citations
Keywords: Strategy, peaceful rise, rising threat. Read more...

Perspectives of Primary School Teachers Regarding Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning: A Descriptive Study

Research Article

This paper attempts to analyze the perceptions and practices of primary school teachers regarding the effectiveness of cooperative learning (CL) method and to identify the challenges that are encountered while implementing CL in schools. Sample was constituted by 65 teachers from a private sector school system with the help of stratified sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Data analysis reveals that lecture method is highly used teaching method at primary level whereas teachers use other teaching methods as well, such as lecture demonstration (LD), CL, project based learning (PBL) and [...]

By Najmonnisa, M. Zubair Haroon Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2014
Keywords: Cooperation, Interaction, Academic Achievement, Social Skills Read more...

Motivation in English Language Learning: A Study of English Language Centers in Hyderabad

Research Article

This study analyzes and determines the socio-psychological aspect of EL learners studying English language overtly in addition to their college / university education in various language centers in Hyderabad. The study focuses on motivation a contributing factor in second language acquisition, particularly on Gardener's concept of instrumental and integrative motivations of students. In order to determine the students' tendency towards the L2 acquisition 60 subjects of population of 2 renowned English Language Centers were selected randomly and were given them a questionnaire based on \citeA{Gardner1974} Attitude / Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). The results revealed existing phenomena of learners' motivation in [...]

By Najeeb us Saqlain, Rafiq ul Islam Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2014 1 Citations
Keywords: motivation, ELL, language learning, english language. Read more...

Content Analysis of the Provincial Pakistan Studies Textbook for Class IX-X

Research Article

The paper presents the results of the content analysis of the Pakistan Studies textbooks, of grade IX and X, published by the Sind Textbook Board (STBB). The content was evaluated against the objectives, set by the Federal Ministry of Education. The analysis includes the connections between the selected content and the set framework with additional focus on the quality of the textbook with respect to its printing and publishing styles. An adapted content analysis checklist by \cite{marsh2006} was used for the study. Results show quite a few similarities between the national objectives and the selected content, however, some differences were [...]

By Kiran Hashmi Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2014 3 Citations
Keywords: Cooperation, Interaction, Academic Achievement, Social Skills. Read more...

Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Teachers' Performance: A Mediating Role of Monitoring Practices

Research Article

The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of HRM on teachers' performance in the context of Pakistan. Impact of HRM practices on teachers' performance has been an under-researched area in Pakistan. For the human development of any society the major share of responsibility lies with the teachers of that society, so in this study, we have investigated how HR practices affect the teachers' performance. We proposed a mediation model in which monitoring acts as a mediating mechanism to transmit the positive effects of HR practices on teachers' performance. Therefore teachers' performance is an issue that if addressed [...]

By S. Nazneen Waseem, Reema Frooghi, Sahar Afshan Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2013 5 Citations
Keywords: Human Resource practices, Teachers Performance, Mediation, Monitoring, Private Schools, Karachi Read more...

Determinants of Consumer's Behavioural Intention for Pirated Music in Pakistan

Research Article

This research is conducted with the objective to identify the determinants of customers' purchase intention for pirated music in Pakistan. The research contains Fair Price, Perceived Harm and Ethics as the independent variables to analyze the impact on Purchase Intention, which is a dependent variable. The sample size of this study is 350 respondents (including Graduate Students and lay men) who regularly buy pirated music CDs/DVDs in Karachi. Likert scale technique is used in this study. Data has been analyzed through the reliability statistical technique, factor analysis and linear regression analysis. The result indicates that Fair Price and Perceived Harm [...]

By Muhammad Faizan Asif Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2013
Keywords: Behavioral intention, Fair Price, Perceived Harm and Ethics. Read more...

Job Satisfaction among the Primary Public and Private School Teachers of Karachi

Research Article

This research set out to explore the relationship between teacher job satisfaction and institutional undertakings within the context of schools located in Karachi Pakistan. 345 questionnaire were completed by teachers from both public as well as private schools. The data collected was analyzed through factor and regression analysis. The variables examined include working conditions, principle's leadership style, workload, collegial support, monetary rewards and career advancement and teacher autonomy. It was identified that all variables except for work load and autonomy were deems significantly as well as positively related to teacher's job satisfaction. [...]

By Nadia Rahim, Shazia Razzak Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2013 3 Citations
Keywords: Job Satisfaction, leadership style, rewards, carrier advancement Read more...

Impact of Rewards System on Teacher's Motivation: Evidence from the Private Schools of Karachi

Research Article

This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the rewards system on employee's motivation in the context of private schools. A sample of 310 respondents is drawn from the private school teachers of Karachi. The rewards system was measured through five independent variables including salary offered, recognition, promotion, working content, and working conditions. By using exploratory factor and regression analyses, the results show that except salary oer, rests of the four variables have been found statistically significant to predict teacher's motivation. However, the recognition of efforts followed by working conditions have revealed the greatest impact on [...]

By Muhammad Shahnawaz Adil,Neelam Fatima Journal of Education & Social Sciences 2013
Keywords: Motivation, salary, working conditions, working contents, promotions, recognition, private schools. Read more...