The aim of this empirical study is to explore O level English language teachers' perceptions regarding teaching practices and methods used in teaching English essay writing. The population of study comprised O Level English language teachers (N=131) schools of Karachi. Through simple random sampling technique, data were collected from (n=58) participant schools which forms approximately 44% of the targeted population. Total sample size was n=73 (n=22 male and n=51 female) teachers. To carry out the cross sectional survey of the chosen sample, two instruments i.e., Factors Affecting English Essay Writing for Teachers (FAEWT) and teachers' structured interviews were developed [...]

Current paper elucidates about War and peace the two basic elements of international politics. Starting with the debates among scholars of the subject, the paper argue critically the shortcomings of feminist school of thought over their assumption of peace and prevention of war through gendered politics. The theme of the paper is that, the gender either feminity in particular or masculinity in general have no impact on politics, both the domestic and international one. The international politics is driven by the national interest and regulatory force is beyond gender's control. This argument is applied and testified in two south Asian [...]

This study strives to explore a Private Schools' System (PSS) leadership beliefs and practices in foregrounding human resource development in the fields of professional development and performance management at its six dimensions of the human, the professional,the organizational, the political, the moral and the managerial in schools. The study begins by providing a multi-disciplinary review of school leadership and human resource development, based on a framework for understanding how school leadership can help organizations accomplish their goals. Using a quantitative study paradigm, the paper aims to provide a detailed description of the beliefs and practices of leadership personnel in [...]

Alliance building has been an important feature of international relations in all the interna- tional systems. During Cold War in international system alliances were formed on ideological basis. Some of them came to an end in post-Cold War, while others exist even today. The US-ROK alliance and PRC- DPRK alliance can be taken as good examples of these alliances. Although these alliances were formed to balance each other, yet the commitments are dependent upon the form of government in each of the ally state, in the wake of post cold war. This article examines the alliance formation through theoretical prism [...]

The proficiency in writing skills is the most basic and important skill to achieve success in academics. Therefore, not only to ace the exams but also to perform better the students need to develop and improve their writing skills, especially in an EFL environment. Here the perception of teachers regarding the writing needs of business students' matter a lot, as they design their course and teaching materials according to the specific writing needs of the students. Hence, to improve the writing skills of students, it is imperative to determine their writing needs and then employ various strategies, which cater to [...]

This paper investigated the syntactic errors prevalent in Pakistani undergraduate students' written English. It also sought to outline the possible causes of these errors. The study employed content analysis by basing it on Corder's error analysis methodology to accomplish the research objectives. The study was conducted at a renowned private university. Participants for the study were those BS first year students who had obtained their higher secondary school certificate from Karachi Intermediate Examinations Board. The writing samples of eighty eight o students from this group were obtained. The corpus was then analyzed to discover the syntactic errors, and determine their [...]