This paper aims to study the perceptions of teachers regarding Cultural Mosaic and Culturally Responsive Teaching. Culturally responsive teaching is an umbrella term which consists of a variety of methodologies. In all approaches of culturally responsive teaching, an equity-centered approach stresses learners' ethnicity at the core of the learning process and uses the ''cultural knowledge, previous experiences, frames of reference, and learning styles of culturally diverse scholars''. In an environment where a cultural Mosaic situation prevails, culturally responsive teaching shall be promulgated as it reduces the stress level of learners which results in a better teaching-learning process. According to different [...]

The article narrated the experiences of teachers, managers, and leaders of a public university in Pakistan regarding implementing the US-based tenure track system (TTS). This institute was established in 1882 by the British Raj and was among the pioneer institution of vetinerrary sciences in Asia. The higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan, initiated TTS to make the profession attractive for talented PhD graduates. This study highlighted the pre-implementation, implementation, and post-implementation phases of TTS and the underlying tensions among faculty, university managers, and leaders of the Central Ministry. The findings discuss organization theory's structural, cultural, and institutional lenses. This is an [...]

COVID-19 pandemic illuminated the existence of non-formal community-based volunteering (NCV) across countries. NCV during the COVID-19 lockdown was, however, mainly in health and welfare causes since previous studies showed it improved citizens' health care and awareness in health emergencies (e.g., Ebola) in Africa. Educational needs were underemphasized and mainly managed by formal organizations; and their services are usually not enough. NCV, being substantial in Africa, could be leveraged on to meet children's educational needs during emergencies. To effectively utilize NCV to maintain access to education in emergencies (EiE), we need to understand its constraints. Hence, this paper adopts an [...]

Academic writing is an advanced and specialized form of communication used in academia to communicate the outcomes of scientific research. Academic writing is, hence, governed by the rules, conventions, and values of the scientific community. It is even more significant in today's knowledge based economies. Knowledge-based economies rely on continuous research and development for progress rather than the natural resources. The human capital forms the backbone of a knowledge-based economy. Hence, in such an economy, researchers and scholars enjoy great importance and academic writing skills become crucial along with research skills due to the need to share the outcomes of [...]

This research study delves into the perceptions of secondary-level teachers regarding their professional identity, seeking to illuminate their understanding of themselves as professionals. The study employed phenomenological case study. Five teachers from the selected private school participated in the interviews. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The teachers' professional identity was found to be in a developing stage, primarily attributed to their limited experience and their exposure to professional identity exploration. Teaching identity of educators can be strengthened through their proactive engagement with reflective practices. In addition, digital literacy is the key to their learning identity development. [...]

In contrast to the product approach to writing, the process approach entails planning, drafting editing and revising stages. Blog an online platform for practicing process approach has long been used by EFL teachers to develop their students' writing skill. But in Bangladeshi rural higher education context, its efficacy is yet to be investigated. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using blogs to enhance student writing skills at tertiary level at a private university located in a rural area of Bangladesh. It focuses on the advantages of incorporating blogs as a virtual writing platform for [...]

The interdisciplinary research aims to investigate the perception of students about perceived service quality and measure the individual effect of each of the six factors of service quality on student engagement. The study was quantitative in nature and cross-sectional survey design was used in the paradigm of positivism. The researchers used the cluster sampling technique and sample comprised of 500 students from six public universities of Lahore. Descriptive and inferential statistics were to find out the factors of satisfying and dissatisfying in higher education through six dimensions of quality services (infrastructure, teachers teaching, academic planning, campus life, leadership, quality management). [...]

English enjoys the status of a second language (L2) owing to the colonial past and the socioeconomic benefits linked with the instrumental use of the language under globalization. The language is prescribed as compulsory alongside Urdu in the national curriculum right through primary to tertiary education. Nevertheless, the learning outcomes are not synchronous with the attention language receives in education or society. In the past two decades, the social turn in second language acquisition and learning calls to investigate the language learning process in its situated context and the learner-centered approach emphasizes detailed systematic analysis of the learner's needs and [...]

Parental bonding is a crucial component for the acquisition of a positive attitude and better academic performance among students. In this study, the correlational research design was to investigate the relationship among parental bonding, self-regulation, proactive attitude, and academic performance in university students. Data consisted of 200 university students with ages ranging from 18 to 24, selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation data collection was undertaken through an online Google form. Parental Bonding Instrument, Self-Regulation Scale (SRS), Proactive Attitude Scale (PA), demographic sheet, and recently obtained GPA of each participant were used for data [...]

As college students are in a period of transitioning from teenage years to adulthood, they typically will experience multiple levels of psychological distress, and these stressors influence their studies. This research presents to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and academic adjustment in technical college students in Kuching, Sarawak. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey. The instruments in this study applied the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-34 (CCAPS-34) for psychological distress domains and the Academic Adjustment Scale (AAS) for academic adjustment domains. The students were given a web link to the survey questionnaire. The respondents [...]

The study examines the effect of children's health on their educational performance in Sargodha city, Pakistan. The data utilized for the study were collected from a primary level survey of randomly selected children attending various private and public schools in Sargodha during 2016. The study employs a multinomial logistic regression model to estimate the effect of children's health status as determined by the Body Mass Index (BMI) on their academic performance. To control the role of other socio-economic factors that might affect children's educational achievements, the study also includes such variables as study hours and school type. The regression estimates [...]

Provision of quality education and its accountability is a challenge in developing economies. Present study performed an indirect accountability analysis through public satisfaction; using the nationally representative data of Pakistan. This study also identifies the behavioural determinants of public satisfaction for schooling services. The results of district satisfaction ranking show that majority of the districts with the highest satisfaction are from KPK, while the bottom 10 are from Baluchistan where enrolment rate is quiet low and other supply side indicators are also showing very low rank. The finding of the behavioural analysis, based on logit model, shows that rural households [...]

This paper reviews two large-scale assessments (LSAs) with reference to their purported contribution to improvement of education. Documentary analysis is used to review and analyse publicly accessible documents, which describe and/or explain LSA practices in Sindh. Additionally, episodic data were collected through routine fieldwork with head teachers of primary and secondary schools who had participated in policy dialogue forums where LSAs were discussed. This provides rich contextual data with ground level perspectives. A fundamental question in the approach of LSAs that this paper considers is: does measurement of student performance, with no other supporting or triangulating data sources, allow us [...]

This study examined the effects of reciprocal teaching (RT) on the perceived reading comprehension self-efficacy of post-graduate students. The study was designed in pre-test post-test experimental design with a control group. Qualitative data was also collected from the intervention group students and the classroom professor who carried out the intervention lessons. Participants consist of typically developing post-graduate students from a state university (n = 34) in Pakistan. While the intervention group used a total of 36 lesson hours of RT techniques for 6 lessons per week for 6 weeks, the lesson was taught in traditional ways in the control group. [...]

Online education has become a necessity during the recent Corona pandemic. It has been a popular medium of education in universities of many developed and developing countries around the world for a considerable period of time. This mode of education is now a necessity for higher education as well. But in Bangladesh it has not gained popularity for a number of reasons and a switch to it has always been seen as a challenge. This research investigates the challenges in implementing online higher education and prospects for this type of education for Bangladeshi universities. This research follows the qualitative method [...]

Research studies have proved that students' mathematics self-efficacy and self-regulation is directly related to students' mathematics achievement and overall learning. In this research, correlations and differences of students' mathematics self-efficacy, self-regulation and mathematics achievement in a sample of five hundred female students from five public sector secondary schools studying in grade nine were investigated. The sample was elected by multistage random sampling technique. Two questionnaires were administered to collect data and then it was analyzed. The study exposed that self-efficacy, self-regulation and achievements regarding mathematics are positively connected. Furthermore, it was concluded that students from different schools have no difference [...]

The present study investigates the role of smartphone usage, self-regulation, general self-efficacy and cyber loafing on university student's smartphone addiction and its impact on students' academic achievement. The data has been collected from 453 students of a private sector higher education institute of Pakistan through an online questionnaire. The results of the study indicated that both smartphone usage and cyber loafing positively and significantly affects smartphone addiction. The effect of self-regulation was negative but significant on smartphone addiction and cyber loafing. Moreover, the effect of general self-efficacy on cyber loafing was positive and significant. However, smartphone addiction has no significant [...]

The modern globalization and development of information technology, easy and fast access to information processing activities become essential for the success of organizations. Decision making on updated data, quality monitoring and effective communication through LMS have become important and key factors for effective e-leadership that use learning management system in their schools. The current study explores the E-Leadership by secondary school principals through a learning management system provided by 3-P Learning organization Australia. This LMS is implemented in more than fifty private schools in order to increase school effectiveness. This study was conducted under the interpretive paradigm and phenomenology design [...]

This paper analyzes a) the effect of organizational climate, supervisor support, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB-I) on cognitive job engagement (CJE); b) the effect of CJE on teacher performance; and c) the moderating roles of occupational stress and mentoring for the positive relationship between CJE and teacher performance. Data from 313 full-time teachers from public and private universities of Karachi (Pakistan) are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results show that organizational climate and morale, and OCB-I have a significant effect on CJE which in turn, has a significant effect on teacher performance. However, supervisor support has been found completely unrelated [...]

The study was based on classroom interaction to identify patterns of class talk supportive to prompt reasoning ability of students. Two intact classes pertaining 25 students each of grade VII were involved in the study. The data were based on classroom observation. One unit of science text book was taught by the teacher in nine sessions, each comprised of 40 minutes and was audio recorded. A content free worksheet based on the concepts included in the unit was developed to assess reasoning ability of the students. The worksheet was applied as pretest, post test procedure. Paired sample t-test was used [...]

The purpose of the contemporary research was to study the school-related factors of academic underachievement and academic high-achievement among 8th -grade students of school. The sample of the study comprised of 245 students (132 boys and 113 girls). The entire sample was selected from 8th standard of various private schools of Karachi through convenience sampling method. The age of the participants ranged from 13 to 16 years with the mean age of 13.142 years. The Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM, 1983) was used to measure the general cognitive abilities of participants and the last exam cumulative percentage was used [...]

The British initiated formal art education in Pakistan, but at the time of independence, only a few tertiary-level formal art education options were available. Later, art departments were established in universities, but the pursuit had never been a policy preference. Art remained a privilege, for both education and career. This paper reports the findings of a study conducted to gauge Pakistani stakeholders' perception of Art as a higher education option, eliciting data from a premier art school in the country. The study was designed to determine if stakeholders perceive the institute as elitist and how do they evaluate the institute's [...]

This study identifies the determinants of household expenditures on education in four provinces of Pakistan. The household survey data are used to identify the factors that affect household's decision to spend on education. Lognormal hurdle model is employed which suggests that household income, gender and age of household head, awareness about education, school going children and rural urban residence affect household expenditures on education. Household expenditures on education are income inelastic implying that households consider education as an importance and necessary budget item. This elasticity is different in magnitude for Punjab, Sindh, KPK and Balochistan. The concavity of relationship between [...]

Although the education sector has been a fast-growing sector in Pakistan, it has been facing various challenges including the lack of effective leadership styles and teachers' organizational commitment. The purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate the impact of Principals' transformational leadership style on teachers' organizational commitment at higher education level in Karachi, Pakistan. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X) developed by Bass and Avolio and Organizational Commitment Survey (OCS) developed by Meyer and Allen were used as research instruments to collect the data for the study. The survey method and stratified random sampling technique were used to collect [...]

Civil society is often considered a western construct with little meaning and application in the eastern societies. To many western writers, the western civil societies emerging in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were harbingers of social development in Europe and America by promoting social welfare and education services in those regions. On the contrary, the masses in the eastern societies were thought to be illiterate and backward until the advent of the European colonial governments. However, history bears the evidence that education has been one primary goal of voluntary human associations in Indian Subcontinent since the ancient times. In this region [...]

The paper reflects on my personal learning experiences as a postgraduate online distance learner on the use of two contemporary ICT tools, i.e., Asynchronous Discussion Forum (ADF) and CompendiumLD (CLD). The paper opens with an overview on the use of ADF and CLD. I then reflected on my personal learning experiences on the subject matter through personal narrative method. Finally, I have suggested, how tutors can utilize these technologies to maximize learners' participation in online learning environment. ADF has nurtured critical thinking, questioning, writing and problem-solving skills. It has further optimized my online participation. Whereas, CLD has equipped me [...]

Pakistan's unemployment rate among individuals with higher education has increased rapidly in recent years. However, very little research is conducted so far on this phenomenon in Pakistan. This paper investigates the effect of higher education attainment on unemployment rate in urban and rural areas of Pakistan. Data of 10 years is taken from Labor Force Survey (LFS) for four provinces. Regression analysis is conducted to examine the data. The evidence suggests a strong positive relationship between population with higher levels of education (HE) and their unemployment rate. That is, with the increase in HE population there is greater increase in [...]

Education in early years is becoming challenging to inculcate the best practices with specific support and demand to meet the global initiatives (Beckley, 2011). In this regard, teaching through technology plays a significant role if it is connected with relevant learning experiences (Willis, Weiser & Kirkwood, 2014). The students are exposed to a technologically rich environment through positive and consistent patterns in their learning experiences, it helps them in their cognitive development. Within the context of Pakistan, one thing commonly observed is the misuse of technology and lack of guidance provided by their parents to the young children. This study [...]

Pakistan has been under security threats since her inception, however, the challenges it is facing today is unique in nature. Intolerance in society has given birth to social conflict, uprising of extremism, militancy and terrorism. The causes of psychological and emotional imbalance may be social injustice or psychological warfare. Institutions fighting to counter the threat are prime victims facing heavy casualty both in terms of men and material. At the initial level of this qualitative research, etiology of increasing intolerance, conflict and violence are examined with evidence from behavior of the inhabitants whereas in later part, the corollary is discussed [...]

This cross-cultural study investigates wisdom in people with high functioning autism (HFA). The diagnostic characteristics of autism are universal, as manifest in particular outward behaviours (DSM-4). One of the aims of this study is to explore how wisdom is understood in people with HFA. In a mixed methods study, interview questions asked participants how they understand wisdom; self-report measures of well-being (Life Satisfaction Scale) and wisdom (the 3D Wisdom Scale and the Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory) were also administered. Forty-six males participated from Karachi, Pakistan, and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada; the half diagnosed with high functioning autism were matched [...]

Stereotyping transgender people in media, all over the world, is more of a norm than an exception. Reviewing the Pakistani media archives, one gets the impression that, though over the past few decades some progress has been made, still there are many challenges to cope with in order to bring about a fairer and more balanced portrayal of the Pakistani transgender community. This paper investigates the media portrayals of the transgender people in Pakistan with reference to the Nation-one of the leading English newspapers. The study is both qualitative and quantitative, and analyzes the data stretched over five years-from 2011 [...]

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are run under a set hierarchy of executive, operative and administrative levels of educational leaders with a prescribed pattern of processes and functions. A variety of diverse tasks with varied complexities are assigned to the educational leaders of all levels which are expected to be completed within the set time frame. Under such situations, the emotions of the educational leaders play an important role in helping them perform their tasks and achieve the set goals. The current study highlights the elements of educational leaders' emotions' interplay in institutional functioning, emotional relationships between educational leaders and colleagues, [...]

Education plays an important role in preparing children to embrace diversity in the society with particular reference to accepting people with physical disabilities as equal contributors to the growth and development of the society and a textbook is an effective tool to achieve this objective (Kivirauma & Laitinen, 2014). The main purpose of this research is to study the representation of people with disabilities in the textbooks (text and illustrations) published by provincial and selected private publishers. This study uses content analysis method to analyze the content of the selected textbooks used at primary school level. Analysis of 58 textbooks [...]

Inclusive Education is a system, an approach, and a way of providing support to special need persons in achieving their life goals with their abilities and potentials. For some it is an ideal state, so implementation of these practices varies at all levels. Development and progress of inclusive education depend on answering many questions: what is the perception people have about it? Why do we need inclusive education? Who needs it? Whose responsibility is this and what to do to achieve the goals of Inclusive Education? Answering these questions needs research. Pasha (2012); Dua and Dua (2017) emphasized the role [...]

Educationists have been showing considerable interest in knowing factors affecting leader effectiveness. In the midst of ineffective educational leadership and educational leadership development programmes, leader behaviours are considered one of the important predictors of leadership effectiveness and thus to be developed in educational programmes. This One-Group Pretest-Posttest Experimental Research explored the extent to which the participation in a course unit of the Educational Leadership Programme, offered by the Centre of Educational Leadership Development (CELD), Karachi, Pakistan, developed the required leader behaviours among the postgraduate level students. Fleishman's Leadership Opinion Questionnaire (Pierce & Newstrom, 2005) was used for the pretest and [...]

The purpose of the this survey study was to explore if there were any differences between EGP and ESP teachers in terms of the way they perceived their pedagogical knowledge and teaching skills in teaching English when they were teaching in distance and regular education systems. To this aim, 84 teachers from a regular University and 50 teachers from the distance university were selected to participate in the survey. They were all novice teachers that had been working either in EGP and ESP courses for 1 to 4 years. The survey instrument used in this study was a questionnaire developed [...]

Key indicators of development and governance i.e., quality education, better health and good governance must coincide with the growth of nations. The benefits of growth should be shared with citizens in term of better health facility and improved quality of education, strong institutions, corruption free society and implementation of rule of law. This research gauge the relationships of growth, governance and development by focusing the eight countries of South Asia, through estimating the fixed effects model by using data from 2005 to 2014. This study finds development and governance gaps as well as evidence of inclusive growth. Growth process [...]

The current study was undertaken to develop a self-reporting scale on the perceptions and the uses of deception, both in general and as a conflict management technique. The study was initiated with Item Pool Generation followed by Data Collection which further leads towards Item Selection and finally the reliability and validity assessments. For data collection, a random sample of 408 individuals was drawn and administered with 50-item pool to carry out the item selection. For reliability assessment, a sample of 103 individuals on random basis were derived for the establishment of test-retest reliability. For validity assessment, 135 individuals' random sample [...]

This study analyzed the 8th and 10th graders' attitude towards learning science (ATLS), required cognitive skills for science examination questions (SEQ), and patterns of actual cognitive skills (ACS), in accordance with the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT) and the Piagetian Conceptual Frameworks (PCFs). The sample of the study consisted of 564 (boys and girls) 8th and 10th graders of government elementary and high schools in Sindh province of Pakistan. The RBT applied to break down the 8th graders General Science examination questions in terms of Piagetian conceptual frameworks. A Cognitive Science Achievement Test (CSAT) based on the RBT administered to measure [...]

Quality and equitable access to education largely remain mere aspirations for the populace. Despite the earnest efforts and commitment on the part of Government of the Punjab as well as support of international educational organizations, the goals continue to elude all efforts. This research has been conducted with the assumption that involvement of community in the major stages of policy-making in Pakistan is minimal. The study has highlighted the lack of effective community participation both at policy formulation and implementation stages in the Punjab Province. It has attempted to point out the irritants that discourage community participation. The researcher seeks [...]

From sociolinguistic or anthropological perspective, Pakistan is classified as a multilingual context with most people speaking one native or regional language alongside Urdu which is the national language. With respect to English, Pakistan is a second language context which implies that the language is institutionalized and enjoying the privileged status of being the official language. This thematic paper is an attempt to review the arrival and augmentation of English language in Pakistan both before and after its creation. The chronological description is carried out in order to identify the consequences of this spread and to link them with possible future [...]

This mixed-methods study examined the political typologies, perspectives, and presidential preferences of 115 8th-grade students both six weeks before and on Election Day 2016. Data from the Pew Research Center's Political Typology quiz, surveys, coursework, and classroom observations revealed the students political candidate preferences were stable, though their political ideologies were quite malleable, with more than half (55\%) of the students' political typologies changing over the six weeks. After the election, most students expressed disdain and fear, yet few were able to express actions they could take to engage in the political process. [...]

After presenting four volumes of original work of researchers from all over the world, we present to you Volume Five, Issue One of the Journal of Education and Learning Sciences (JESS) for your scholarly interest. Karl Popper considers theories, ideas and models as real (Boyd, 2016) and despite being developed in unique contexts, these theories, ideas and models are generalizable across contexts of the world. Thus findings from the scholarly work included in the current volume of JESS are beneficial for educationists across the globe. An article by Rahat Bhatti, which took the first place in the current volume, analyzes [...]

Islamic Studies or Islamiyat is offered as compulsory subject following the recommendation of Objective Resolution 1949, and Constitution of 1973 of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Therefore, all successive governments of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan took measures to introduce Islamic learning programs and courses in academics. Apart from other measures of introducing Islam both as a religion and as a way of life in academia, the teaching of Islamiyat was made compulsory at all three tiers of education aligned with the Educational Policies 1959, 1972, 1978, 1992, 1998, and 2009. The current study is focused on analyzing the topics [...]

Code-Switching is generally defined as a shift from one language to another by the speaker during the speech. It is a common linguistic phenomenon in Pakistani classrooms. It is considered to have both positive and negative impact. This exploratory study investigated the perceptions of Pakistani students towards teachers' code-switching during English lectures at tertiary level. Students have different attitudes towards code-switching of teachers in classroom. There is a need to investigate whether it is beneficial or malevolent to switch between two codes in an English classroom and how the students view this alternation between codes. The researchers employed 5-point Likert [...]

The purpose of this research is to study the preference towards getting involved in counterproductive behaviors at workplace in relation to the Machiavellianism personality attribute. One hundred and seventy six executive men/women working at supervisory/managerial level having a minimum of three years working experience were selected randomly. The tests administered were: Mach IV Scale and Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist along with demographic sheet. Individuals who have reported high scores on Machiavellianism were found to be positively correlated with a preference for counterproductive work behaviors. Correlation values are found significant at 0.01 level. The data analysis of sub-scales of Counterproductive [...]

The basic assumption of this paper is that education, though the most enduring strand of the social fabric, must for clarity of understanding, be seen in the relevant political and economic contextual framework. The political and economic life in a country fosters and sustains education, but these forces are far too strong in impact and can very well work at cross purposes. The story of education in Pakistan that unfolded itself in a span of sixty years had its genesis in India and was a branching out from the same system which came as a legacy from the British. In [...]

This study investigated the influence of HR policies and practices on the motivation of employees in private schools. Relevant information was gathered from school teachers in Karachi through a questionnaire while the sample size includes 512 responses. The statistical tool applied in this study was partial least square structural equation model (PLS- SEM). Findings showed that compensation, employee empowerment, fair job appraisal, employee recognition and job satisfaction have a positive and significant relationship with the employee motivation concluding that these factors of HR policies motivate employees. This study provided management with the ways to incorporate strategies in order to motivate [...]

Writing centers have long been identified as a supplementary component in process based writing skill development. While writing centers are a common constituent at higher education institutes in the developed world, these facilities are rarely available within the developing academic contexts. This paper revolves around the introduction of writing center facilities at a graduate business school in Pakistan. The study is framed as action research with phases of implementation followed by a feedback mechanism leading to the next phase. Feedback was collected with the help of observation and semi structured interviews conducted with instructors, tutors, as well as writing center [...]

The aim of this empirical study is to explore O level English language teachers' perceptions regarding teaching practices and methods used in teaching English essay writing. The population of study comprised O Level English language teachers (N=131) schools of Karachi. Through simple random sampling technique, data were collected from (n=58) participant schools which forms approximately 44% of the targeted population. Total sample size was n=73 (n=22 male and n=51 female) teachers. To carry out the cross sectional survey of the chosen sample, two instruments i.e., Factors Affecting English Essay Writing for Teachers (FAEWT) and teachers' structured interviews were developed [...]

Current paper elucidates about War and peace the two basic elements of international politics. Starting with the debates among scholars of the subject, the paper argue critically the shortcomings of feminist school of thought over their assumption of peace and prevention of war through gendered politics. The theme of the paper is that, the gender either feminity in particular or masculinity in general have no impact on politics, both the domestic and international one. The international politics is driven by the national interest and regulatory force is beyond gender's control. This argument is applied and testified in two south Asian [...]

This study strives to explore a Private Schools' System (PSS) leadership beliefs and practices in foregrounding human resource development in the fields of professional development and performance management at its six dimensions of the human, the professional,the organizational, the political, the moral and the managerial in schools. The study begins by providing a multi-disciplinary review of school leadership and human resource development, based on a framework for understanding how school leadership can help organizations accomplish their goals. Using a quantitative study paradigm, the paper aims to provide a detailed description of the beliefs and practices of leadership personnel in [...]

This paper attempts to analyze the perceptions and practices of primary school teachers regarding the effectiveness of cooperative learning (CL) method and to identify the challenges that are encountered while implementing CL in schools. Sample was constituted by 65 teachers from a private sector school system with the help of stratified sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Data analysis reveals that lecture method is highly used teaching method at primary level whereas teachers use other teaching methods as well, such as lecture demonstration (LD), CL, project based learning (PBL) and [...]

This study analyzes and determines the socio-psychological aspect of EL learners studying English language overtly in addition to their college / university education in various language centers in Hyderabad. The study focuses on motivation a contributing factor in second language acquisition, particularly on Gardener's concept of instrumental and integrative motivations of students. In order to determine the students' tendency towards the L2 acquisition 60 subjects of population of 2 renowned English Language Centers were selected randomly and were given them a questionnaire based on \citeA{Gardner1974} Attitude / Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). The results revealed existing phenomena of learners' motivation in [...]

The paper presents the results of the content analysis of the Pakistan Studies textbooks, of grade IX and X, published by the Sind Textbook Board (STBB). The content was evaluated against the objectives, set by the Federal Ministry of Education. The analysis includes the connections between the selected content and the set framework with additional focus on the quality of the textbook with respect to its printing and publishing styles. An adapted content analysis checklist by \cite{marsh2006} was used for the study. Results show quite a few similarities between the national objectives and the selected content, however, some differences were [...]

This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the rewards system on employee's motivation in the context of private schools. A sample of 310 respondents is drawn from the private school teachers of Karachi. The rewards system was measured through five independent variables including salary offered, recognition, promotion, working content, and working conditions. By using exploratory factor and regression analyses, the results show that except salary offer, rests of the four variables have been found statistically significant to predict teacher's motivation. However, the recognition of efforts followed by working conditions have revealed the greatest impact on teacher's motivation. Thus, [...]

This research set out to explore the relationship between teacher job satisfaction and institutional undertakings within the context of schools located in Karachi Pakistan. 345 questionnaire were completed by teachers from both public as well as private schools. The data collected was analyzed through factor and regression analysis. The variables examined include working conditions, principle's leadership style, workload, collegial support, monetary rewards and career advancement and teacher autonomy. It was identified that all variables except for work load and autonomy were deems significantly as well as positively related to teacher's job satisfaction. [...]

The major concern in teacher education has been the relationship between theory and practice among pre-service teachers. The study explored how pre-service teachers employed an information processing theory memory strategy of elaboration in the classroom to facilitate meaningful learning of English grammar. Participants included 10 pre-service teachers who were purposefully selected because they were undergoing teaching practice in 9 secondary schools in Malawi. Prior to data collection, informed consent was sort from participant in order to ensure and provide voluntary participation as part of ethical consideration. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations using interview schedules and observational [...]

Students' classroom experiences and engagement are prominent research areas, predominantly in teaching and learning studies. Considerable attention is dedicated to identifying factors associated with higher levels of student engagement and the underlying reasons; nevertheless, the concept of student engagement is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore factors that influence higher education students' engagement. The present study examined the relationship between teacher enthusiasm, quality of content, and social support on student engagement with the mediating role of student enjoyment, student self-efficacy, and student boredom. The study utilized SEM to analyze the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that [...]

Empirical research about academics being bullied in the Pakistan higher education (HE) sector has been an emerging field in the last decade. This small thread of important research has begun to explore the gendered experiences of women academics facing multiple forms of bullying and harassment against them. This scoping review identified 45 refereed articles based on 37 studies conducted over the past two decades that investigated bullying targeted at academic staff by colleagues and administrators. While these studies included both men and women participants who had been recipients of bullying conduct, this generalist focus has underplayed the gendered nature of [...]

ICT revolution has stimulated eLearning to be an option for education delivery especially for distant learners. COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated its adoption, onsite learners inclusive. However, the perception of a low comparative effectiveness of eLearning learning has been critical issues among stakeholders. The researchers investigate the effect of three models of eLearning delivery platform on learning outcomes in social studies in Nigeria. Learning Management System, Web 2.0 and Mobile learning Applications were instructional packages while knowledge and retention were learning outcomes under investigation. The study adopts non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group research design. Learners who were exposed to the [...]

This paper examines the potential of Creative Commons (CC) for the wider creation and diffusion of creative work and open educational resources (OER). Through a conceptual review approach, 'innovation' and 'issues' about the use of CC licenses are explored. CC is a viable option for creators to showcase innovative and creative work, and publish and distribute contextual OER on diverse subject matter. It accelerates collaboration and participation in a community of practice (CoP). However, readiness to share work under CC licenses is crucial for wider open educational practice (OEP). Despite its support towards affordances for education, it is not yet [...]

The integration of ICT in teaching and learning has taken center stage across the world. Many countries in developed and developing countries alike have adopted this integration. The integration of ICT is however dependent on the perceptions of teachers.This study aimed to find out the perception of teachers on the use of ICT in teaching and learning. Findings from this study reveal that teachers in Malawi have a negative perception in the integration of ICT in teaching and learning. The study also reveals that there are personal attributes that influence the integration of ICT in education. [...]

Leadership is a process between subordinates and their leaders where the leader attempts to influence subordinates' performance, conduct and behaviors to attain the organizational outcomes. Organizational accomplishment in attaining its aims and visions hinges on the leaders of the organization and their leadership styles or traits. This study aims to describe the relationship between school Principals' leadership traits and the job satisfaction of their subordinate teachers. Moreover, the researcher aims to investigate the difference in leadership traits based on the gender of school principals. While utilizing a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 202 school teachers in Lahore, Pakistan. The [...]

The real essence of formative feedback has been a missing element in teachers' formative assessment practices in the classrooms. This paper analyses the existing practices of teachers' feedback in the context of classrooms in Pakistan. Mainly teachers were found unable to provide quality feedback that could support students' learning outcomes. The teachers' comments include summative judgments, mainly. A number of challenges faced by the teachers was their lack of understanding and skills to provide formative feedback and limited approach to teaching social studies in the classrooms. The study was done in one district of the country but the findings could [...]

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants which led to fake news sharing over social media about COVID-19. Further, this study intends to analyze the moderating effect of psychological distress on the relationship between the considered motivators and gratifications in higher education Pakistani students. This paper aims to study the Uses and Gratification approach by adding other determinants. Additionally, it is significant to examine the impact of altruism and psychological distress as a moderator on sharing fake news about COVID-19 over social media among higher education students. This study acquired the sample through a questionnaire survey which [...]

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of Facebook adoption on the academic capabilities of undergraduate university students. An online survey was conducted to collect the empirical data of 470 undergraduate students from public and private sector universities in Pakistan. The study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to estimate the proposed conceptual model. The empirical results show that the adoption of Facebook has significant and positive effects on undergraduate students. These findings provide significant policy implications for higher education institutes. [...]

Teachers' practices of achievement tests design have not been systematically explored in context. The current qualitative case study investigated the teachers' perceptions and practices of designing and using achievement tests at elementary level (Grade VII and VIII). The participants were four science teachers selected from two schools. Data was collected mainly by conducting semi-structured telephonic interviews and document collection. The findings revealed that teachers' practices of test design were not linked with their existing perceptions. There were no explicit criteria of achievement test design and using the assessment evidence. The findings also showed limited knowledge of achievement test design among [...]

In contemporary scenario, the world is facing significant climate challenges that demand managers to possess awareness of the natural laws, exhibit transformative and collaborative thinking and become more proactive contributors of sustainability in the world. Hence, sustainability education is required more than ever before for a prosperous future. By synthesizing the existing body of knowledge using systematic review, this paper critically discusses the aspirations of educating for sustainable development. This study shows that despite the worldwide recognition of sustainability practices, its adoption and practice is not at par, as the workforce lacks the necessary skills that are required for implementing [...]

This paper critically examine behaviorism, a dominant philosophical orientation in existing mainstream educational institutions of Pakistan. It begins with the evolution of behaviorist paradigm and its adaptation in educational set-up. Then, discuss on the elements of behaviorism and its scope in teaching methodologies, acquisition of skills, and life-long learning processes. Then, the paper presents salient features of philosophical underpinning of constructivist paradigm (Psychological constructivism and Social constructivism) its implication in education, teaching, learning, assessment and curriculum design. While comparing both paradigms, the paper discusses how constructivism surpasses in episteme and, may help teachers to introduce new knowledge, on the basis [...]

The purpose of this article is to investigate the nature of educational reform in American society through an historical case study illustrating a facet of the Black experience. Research questions helped scope the research to focus on significant aspects of this complex social phenomenon: (1) If education can promote social reform for improving the quality of life for society or a substantial section of a society's periphery, how can educational reform result in social reform? (2) What insights can an evaluation of historical cases provide educational policy makers and leaders regarding the complexities of contemporary society-particularly for marginalized citizens? This [...]

Cloud computing is an emerging field that is revolutionizing the way we access and use computer infrastructure and services. This paper investigates how cloud computing adoption enhances the academic performance of the students through knowledge management practices and by using TAM as a theoretical base. For this purpose, the data was collected from 628 university students through an online questionnaire. This study uses SmartPLS software which is a powerful statistical tool used for the analysis of structural equation modeling, its data and model validation. The study explores the factors that affect cloud computing adoption in higher educational institutions. The findings [...]

This paper has been drawn from a larger PhD research project on women's experiences of academic leadership in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. This qualitative study aims to examine the influence of socio-cultural factors on women's leadership experiences in higher education. In-depth interviews were taken from eleven participants, who were selected through purposive sampling method. The data analysis is informed by Foucauldian discourse analysis. This paper argues that leadership norms are discursively produced, according to the cultural system of Pakistani society, to limit women's participation at senior leadership positions in higher education. This research article encompasses a combination of four themes [...]

The study tried to establish the role of non-verbal IQ tasks to screen the children for reading deficits including dyslexia at initial stages of their schooling. The participants of the study were 66 children screened from a bigger sample of a prior study (Farukh & Vulchanova, 2014). The participants were 9 years old, and studying in public and private sector schools of a developing district in Punjab, Pakistan. They were tested on 7 standard IQ tasks (WISC III & Raven's matrices). No significant difference on IQ scores was observed between the reading deficit group and the control group except the [...]

This paper evaluates the anticipated impact of the COVID - 19 pandemic on mainstream higher education in Pakistan as the country's institutions plan an unprecedented shift to digital mode of instruction. The outbreak has forced the institutions to call off face-to-face teaching and move to the online instructional method. The world, struggling to delineate the new normal, moved quickly towards lockdown. This measure was imperative to enforce social distancing to contain the epidemic. In this paper, we argue that the panic has not permitted the academic community to systematically investigate the challenges and offer solutions. Still, it is possible to [...]

The transition from primary to secondary education is an important period in children's lives: academically, socially and emotionally, and can be particularly challenging for some children. Occurring alongside puberty and a change in focus from parents to peer relationships, the transition can be a difficult adjustment for some to navigate. This paper reviews the existing literature on this important school transfer, focusing particularly on three key areas of adjustment: academic, social and emotional. We outline the factors that impact successful school transfer, whilst also highlighting that the transition can create positive opportunities for children. We also highlight from the existing [...]

This paper discusses the implications of distance teaching in the current epidemic situation on learning from students', teachers' and parents' perspectives, and discuss ways to transform current learning scenarios with secure, equitable and conducive learning at and/or outside the schools. The analysis suggests deeper reform in policy and practices to enhance student deep learning in the current scenario and beyond. [...]

English is used in many parts of the world as a second or third language. The learners develop the skills of English in order to enhance opportunities for employment, higher quality education, and a good lifestyle. The purpose of this paper is to analytically review and point out the strengths and weaknesses of B.COM final term examination paper of English with special emphasis to Reading Comprehension through the framework of educational objective provided by Bloom's Taxonomy. Moreover, it provides assistance to the competitive authorities in improving their methodology of teaching of English Reading Comprehension and preparing the final term [...]

Over the last few decades quality of education has been given special attention in the academic world. After many reforms and efforts, Pakistan still lags in providing quality education. However, some private school systems are making good efforts in providing quality education and that too at affordable fees. The Trust School is one of this kind and in a short span of time it has achieved a significant position among quality driven schools. The purpose of this research was to study the quality of education provided by The Trust School in detail. For that, the researchers took case study design [...]

Programming has been a challenging subject for computer science students. A programmer must have strong analytical and reasoning skills to program effectively. In order to inculcate such skills, instructor must prepare their lectures accordingly and employ several novel techniques to develop analytical and problem solving skills into the students. Despite the strong need, there have not been any studies to identify the major challenges faced by programming students. Such a study can help instructor in development of appropriate materials and planning of lectures accordingly. To fulfill this gap, this work performs a survey of 57 students who just completed their [...]

Research is getting enormously important to compete with rival institutes for ranking, financial funding, students enrollment. However, there still exist numerous gaps in our understanding of creating a knowledge generating environment that will produce superior quality research. With the initiation of web 2.0 technology, a model of social networking sites has become increasingly famous. With ever increasing popularity, these social media have been used by researchers and academicians as well to enrich the learning outcome and academic performance. However, OSNS have been a debatable topic in academia with its impact on the academic performance of the students. In this [...]

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting investment in education at household level in Pakistan. The study utilizes household-level data from Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurements survey. The findings show that household income, educational awareness, age and gender of household head, number of school going children, area and province of residence are the key determinants of household investment in education in Pakistan. There exists an inverted U-shaped relationship between investment in education and household total income confirming Engle's law for education expenditure in Pakistan. More importantly, household-level educational awareness has important implications for inter-generational educational [...]

The study focused on tracing the language development of students in a functional English course through the initiation of a diagnostic test. The diagnostic test aided the designing of classroom instruction together with the development of online language tasks as support activities. The post-test taken after an intervention of eight weeks, revealed that the weekly online language tasks helped improve the language skills of students and made them autonomous learners. A mixed method approach was used where the scores of students were analysed quantitatively, however, semi-structured interviews were taken to mark the satisfaction level with online language activities. The study [...]

The importance of good governance for stability and peace in a country cannot be ruled out especially in this era of globalization; good governance has become an important element to achieve prosperity through social and economic stability. Pakistan which is undergoing extremism and militancy for last couple of years, is also deprived of good governance. Sudden rise in extremism and militancy poses a great danger and a serious threat to the governance of Pakistan. Institutions operating to curb the peril are also directly or indirectly becoming victim of terrorist actions. Pakistani nation feels great pain seeing explosions, killings, violence, violation [...]

This study focused on investigating the impact of learning culture on student achievement in Pakistani public high schools. An Urdu version of the Dimensions of a Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) was administered to head teachers of 174 public boys and girls high schools selected through random sampling technique. The overall percentage scores of the sampled high school in the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Lahore annual examination 2016 were also collected from the head teachers. The results showed that the seven factors of the DLOQ were significantly positively correlated with each other. The Simple linear regression analysis revealed that [...]

The financial welfare of higher education institutions in the United States has long been tied to the country's economic well-being. While the fiscal impact of downturns on higher education is typically reported on a more macro level, the consequences can be felt campus-wide as the effects often trickle down to the departmental level by means of a reduced allocation of funding. As a result, many academic departments are left with the task of proving their institutional worth in order to be allotted the funds necessary for programmatic maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to report on the declining enrollment [...]

In this paper, a three pronged solution to faculty evaluation is proposed. Almost in every university, faculty and course evaluations are filled by students after the completion of courses. Due to the large volume of such evaluations, it becomes very difficult for management to carefully analyze them. This paper proposes a framework based on machine learning techniques that can be adopted for effective evaluation of faculty. It uses k-means clustering to group the evaluations and points out the specific area on which management needs to work on with faculty. Along with the quantitative evaluation of faculty, students also provide feedback [...]

Social and emotional health especially of young adults has been a considerable focus of scholarly research in the past few decades all over the world. Much of which is concerned about the number and statistics of people who are suffering from some kind of mental illnesses. This qualitative case study explored the experiences and perceptions of those business university students who are facing some social and emotional challenges and in this important phase of life which have a potential to be converted into something more serious i.e. mental disorders. This research identified those variables which are responsible for the [...]

In the field of mathematics education, there is an increased awareness of the need to account for the connection between mathematics and language. Despite the emphasis on this existing interconnectivity, students often erroneously distinguish themselves as better oriented to one extreme or the other. This study explores the pattern of academic performance of mathematics education students in language-dependent and computation-dependent courses. The study built on the Monitor Theory of second language acquisition to observe that school works existing as the practical result of learned language and grammar are among the reasons some students unnecessarily fear language-dependent courses. Ex- post facto [...]

Working in academic settings is an important area in community psychology and tertiary academia (education after high school) is of marked signicance. Success in tertiary edu- cation is consequential for subsequent life and several factors are involved in it. The aim of this review paper was to analyze these factors within the context of Ecological Model of Dalton, Elias, and Wandersman (2007). To this model, environment has interconnected layers of proximal and distal systems which comprise ve ecological levels of analysis: individuals, microsystem, organi- zations, localities and macrosystem. Specically, the objectives of this study were to analyze the research work [...]

This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of active learning method on students' academic achievement in Physics at secondary school level. A null hypothesis, of no significant difference in the academic achievement of students, taught physics through Active Learning Method (ALM) and Traditional Teaching Method (TTM), was tested to achieve the objectives. For this purpose, the pretest-posttest control group experimental design was used. Eighty (80) Physics students of 9th grade were selected as a sample from Government Centennial Model Higher Secondary School (No.1) District Haripur. These students were equally divided into experimental and control groups (n=40) on the basis [...]

In Pakistan, English is taught as a compulsory subject from grade one to graduate level. It has been given the status of official language and is considered a symbol of status. In all official correspondence English language is used and it opens up the avenues to have access to high-ranking civil service jobs. Research studies have revealed that students feel difficulty in reading, speaking and writing English at Secondary school level in Pakistan and they were found to be poor readers and receive lower grades in English language. Keeping in view the importance of learning English for students, this study [...]

In order to be productive members of African society, as well as responsible world citizens, the continent's next generation of leaders requires a full suite of knowledge and skills to compete in national, international, and global markets. The core of this knowledge base rests in the STEM and STEAM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics). The technology component - through ICT (Internet Computing Technology) - fosters research, discovery, communication, collaboration, and idea exchange among the other disciplines. It enables individuals to conduct business globally; and on local and national levels, leveraging myriad aspects of socio-economic and cultural prosperity. ICT [...]

This study investigates the effects of strategy-based reading instruction on the reading comprehension and metacognitive reading strategy awareness of Pakistani Undergraduate Business Administration students of a private sector university in Karachi, Pakistan. A quasi-experimental design was adopted and two intact groups of students were assigned to a control group (31 students) and an experimental group (31 students). The reading comprehension levels and metacognitive reading strategy awareness of both the groups were measured through a pre-test of reading comprehension and Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) questionnaire. The control group was taught through teacher-centred traditional reading instruction, whereas the experimental group was [...]

It has been observed that a large number of Pakistani researchers are inclined towards quantitative research paradigm. Perhaps the reason is that they see outcomes of quantitative research as generalizable frameworks/models and a more accessible contribution to the knowledge economy. Using an etic view, these researchers try to explain the phenomenon in a way that is general and broader. Although the importance of quantitative research cannot be denied, ignoring the need of the qualitative research in solving the problems prevailing in various aspects of education is rather unwise. The Journal of Education and Social Sciences (JESS) has been successful in [...]

Writing is an important skill for language production. However, it is considered a difficult skill, particularly in English as a second language (ESL) contexts where students face many challenges in writing. Therefore, the present study was conducted with an aim to investigate problems in Pakistani undergraduate ESL learners' writing and factors that hinder their writing skills. It also aimed at obtaining suggestions on how to improve Pakistani ESL learners' writing skills. For this purpose, focus groups of Pakistani English language teachers'and undergraduate ESL learners were conducted. Writing samples were also collected from 30 ESL undergraduate learners to find the major [...]

The purpose of this study is to explore the vital factors that influence teacher's intention to use technology in higher education. PLS-SEM has been used to analyze the data collected from 201 business university teachers. The study strives to examine the impact of eight variables i.e. Performance expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social influence, facilitating conditions, individual self-efficacy, human assisted self-efficacy, Computer Anxiety and attitude on teacher's intention to use technology using the technology acceptance model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology. The empirical findings revealed that the social influence, facilitating conditions, individual self- efficacy and attitude have [...]

There is a growing interest found in the study of workplace engagement and it has become a buzzword in the recent years. It is considered HRM's new best friend which is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. However, its paucity results in job burnout which is characterized by exhaustion, depersonalization and a diminished sense of professional accomplishment. Job burnout usually takes place due to erosion of engagement. Moreover, if the burnout issue remains unaddressed, it will ultimately lead the employees to quit and will make creating a congenial working environment an even bigger a challenge for today's managers. The objectives [...]

This study examines the level of financial literacy in Pakistan. Financial literacy (or financial knowledge) is characteristically an input to assess the requirement for financial education and explain changes in financial outcomes. The study reveals that the individuals, who have the more financial knowledge, usually save more. It is inevitable for investors and the general public that they possess sufficient knowledge and awareness about how financial institutions and markets work; types of risks and expected return, that subsequently is fruitful for the growth of the economy. The results show that 1) middle-aged and older people are careful in spending their [...]

There is a growing problem of waste management faced by developing countries. Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan having a population of approximately 24 million. Statistics indicate that on a daily basis, about 12,000 tons of solid waste is generated in Karachi alone, of which forty percent can be found on the city streets. Improper management of solid waste is causing the spread of infectious diseases and environmental pollution. This study examines how the solid waste management process is implemented in Karachi and the challenges faced by the responsible authorities. Solid waste management combines all activities performed in [...]

Alliance building has been an important feature of international relations in all the interna- tional systems. During Cold War in international system alliances were formed on ideological basis. Some of them came to an end in post-Cold War, while others exist even today. The US-ROK alliance and PRC- DPRK alliance can be taken as good examples of these alliances. Although these alliances were formed to balance each other, yet the commitments are dependent upon the form of government in each of the ally state, in the wake of post cold war. This article examines the alliance formation through theoretical prism [...]

The proficiency in writing skills is the most basic and important skill to achieve success in academics. Therefore, not only to ace the exams but also to perform better the students need to develop and improve their writing skills, especially in an EFL environment. Here the perception of teachers regarding the writing needs of business students' matter a lot, as they design their course and teaching materials according to the specific writing needs of the students. Hence, to improve the writing skills of students, it is imperative to determine their writing needs and then employ various strategies, which cater to [...]

This paper investigated the syntactic errors prevalent in Pakistani undergraduate students' written English. It also sought to outline the possible causes of these errors. The study employed content analysis by basing it on Corder's error analysis methodology to accomplish the research objectives. The study was conducted at a renowned private university. Participants for the study were those BS first year students who had obtained their higher secondary school certificate from Karachi Intermediate Examinations Board. The writing samples of eighty eight o students from this group were obtained. The corpus was then analyzed to discover the syntactic errors, and determine their [...]

This study investigated the impact of teacher's subject matter knowledge and their behavior on the student's performance. Qualified and well behaved teachers help to boost learner's confidence and involvement in learning activities. In Pakistan, the quality of school level education is continuously deteriorating. It may be because of the reason that most of the private schools, due to their financial constraints, hire less qualified and untrained teachers. The data was collected through a 5 points Likert scale questionnaire. Responses were obtained from the students of secondary and matric classes of three different schools. Data was analyzed using various statistical techniques, [...]

Teacher's job satisfaction has been considered a very important element in the training and development of pupils in their early academic years. This study investigates the impact of five determinants of the teacher's job satisfaction in the context of primary and secondary schools, when controlling for their age, gender, experience, marital status and education. These five determinants include occupational stress, empowerment, interpersonal relationships, working conditions and self-efficacy. A sample, of 280 respondents, is drawn from school teachers of Karachi. Principal component and hierarchical multiple regression analyses are used to test the proposed hypotheses. With exception of self-efficacy, the results show [...]

The current study is aimed to investigate relationship among three different factors associated with secondary level teachers including organizational commitment, job satisfaction and emotional intelligence in Pakistan. Additionally, it is aimed to investigate the role of age and gender in determining these aspects among selected audience. In order to achieve the research objectives, sample of 150 teachers at secondary level is selected by using stratified random sampling with proportionate allocation to each stratum. Field survey has been conducted during course of current study, and results are based on research type of ex post facto in which structured questionnaire is used [...]

This paper investigates the levels of oral communication anxiety of undergraduate engineering students in Pakistan. The data was collected from four departments of the university. \citeA{mccroskey1978} oral Communication Apprehension (OCA) Survey Instrument was adopted for this study. The questionnaire was translated into Urdu (National Language of Pakistan) to make it clear to respondents. The data analysis revealed 18\% of the sample had a high level of oral communication apprehension, 66\% faced an average level of oral communication apprehension and 16\% were in a low level of oral communication apprehension. This study also discloses that there is no significant difference in [...]

The paper explains how the People's Republic of China has developed its strategy on three different levels: domestic, regional and global to manage its interests, focusing on the objectives and choices available at the end of China. The purpose to conduct this research is to critically analyze how the objective of peaceful rise is gradually, but coherently in the right direction, by the application of ideological, economic and defense means in well-articulated way. The crux of utilization of these foreign policy instruments, reflects that Confucius-ism and tributary system's legacy is applied in dealing with smaller neighboring states and four regional [...]

The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of HRM on teachers' performance in the context of Pakistan. Impact of HRM practices on teachers' performance has been an under-researched area in Pakistan. For the human development of any society the major share of responsibility lies with the teachers of that society, so in this study, we have investigated how HR practices affect the teachers' performance. We proposed a mediation model in which monitoring acts as a mediating mechanism to transmit the positive effects of HR practices on teachers' performance. Therefore teachers' performance is an issue that if addressed [...]

This research is conducted with the objective to identify the determinants of customers' purchase intention for pirated music in Pakistan. The research contains Fair Price, Perceived Harm and Ethics as the independent variables to analyze the impact on Purchase Intention, which is a dependent variable. The sample size of this study is 350 respondents (including Graduate Students and lay men) who regularly buy pirated music CDs/DVDs in Karachi. Likert scale technique is used in this study. Data has been analyzed through the reliability statistical technique, factor analysis and linear regression analysis. The result indicates that Fair Price and Perceived Harm [...]